You Collection, Upper Volume Radical: See (jiàn) Page 1138, Entry 01 Ancient characters: According to Tang Rhyme (Tangyun), Collection Rhyme (Jiyun), Rhyme Compilation (Yunhui), and Orthodox Rhymes (Zhengyun), pronounced guan (falling tone). According to Explaining Characters (Shuowen), to observe carefully. According to Rhyme Compilation (Yunhui), that which is observed, to display. In Book of Changes (Yijing), Guan Hexagram: The great manifestation is above, submissive and humble, observing the world with the path of the middle and the upright. According to Zhu Xi's commentary, guan refers to displaying the path of the middle and the upright to others so that they may be revered. In Book of Documents (Shujing), Yiji chapter: I wish to observe the images of the ancients. The commentary says: I wish to observe and display the ceremonial garments and institutional rites. For guan, the older pronunciation is guan; Lu Deming reads it as guan (rising tone). In Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Winter Officials, Artisans' Record: The clan manufactures measuring vessels. Once the standard measuring vessel is completed, it is used to display it to the lords of the four quarters. The commentary says: Used to display to the four quarters so that they may imitate the production. In History of the Former Han (Qianhan), Chronicle of Emperor Xuan: Displaying precious treasures. Yan Shigu says: Guan means to display. Also refers to physical appearance, that is, bearing and demeanor. In Book of Rites (Liji), Jade Pattern: Dress neatly, practice good demeanor, listen to the crisp sound of the jade pendants, and only then go out. Also according to Erya (Erya), Explaining Words (Shigu): Means many. In Book of Odes (Shijing), Zhou Eulogies (Zhousong): For a long time we have seen many harvesting sickles. The notes say: Yan means long time. Guan means many. Another pronunciation is guan. Also according to Erya (Erya), Explaining Palaces (Shigong): A tower is called a que. The commentary says: The towers on either side of a palace gate. The sub-commentary says: Beside the pheasant gate is called a guan. Also called a que. In White Tiger Hall Meetings (Baihutong): Laws and images are hung above, its form is tall and majestic, called xiangwei. People observe it, so it is called guan. In Records of the Three Prefectures (Sanfu Huangtu): The Zhou dynasty established two towers to mark the palace gates. One can ascend them to look into the distance, so they are called guan. In Zuo Tradition (Zuozhuan), Fifth Year of Duke Xi: After the ruler of the state heard government affairs on the first day of the month, he ascended the tower to observe the clouds and record them; this is in accordance with ritual. The commentary says: A building constructed on a terrace from which one can see far. Also according to Broad Rhymes (Guangyun): Palace towers. According to Rhyme Compilation (Yunhui), Taoist temples are called guan. In Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Treatise on Feng and Shan Sacrifices: Immortals like to live in towers; the Emperor ordered the construction of the Fei Lian Guan and Gui Guan in Chang'an, and the Yi Yan Shou Guan in Ganquan. Also, the Crown Prince's palace has a Jia Guan. In History of the Former Han (Qianhan), Chronicle of Emperor Cheng: Emperor Yuan, when in the Crown Prince's palace, was born in the Jia Guan Painting Hall. Also Eastern Pavilion (Dongguan), the secretarial office of the Han dynasty. In History of the Later Han (Houhan), Chronicle of Emperor An: An imperial edict ordered the doctors of the Five Classics to verify the Five Classics and commentaries in the Eastern Pavilion. The commentary says: The Southern Palace of Luoyang has an Eastern Pavilion. Another name is Peng Guan. Also, jingguan, a tumulus made by piling up the corpses of enemy soldiers and covering them with earth. In Zuo Tradition (Zuozhuan), Twelfth Year of Duke Xuan: Pan Dang said: Why does the King not build a military camp and collect the corpses of the Jin army to build a jingguan? Also according to Rhyme Compilation (Yunhui), magnificent view, strange view, refers to magnificent scenery or strange and majestic affairs worth observing. Also according to Supplementary Dictionary (Zihuibu): Means hot water. In Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Summer Officials, Official of Torches (Sishuang): Customs in the Yan region today call hot water guan. Also a name for a person, name of a state. In Bamboo Annals (Zhushu Jinian), tenth year of Emperor Qi of Xia: Banished his son Wu Guan to the West River. The commentary says: Wu Guan is the Wuguan mentioned in Discourses of Chu (Chuyu). Guan State, in present-day Dunqiu Wei County. Also name of a county, name of a river. In History of the Former Han (Qianhan), Treatise on Geography: Dong Commandery has Pangguan County, Jiaodong State has Guanyang County. Ying Shao says: Located north of the Guan River. Also a surname. In Discourses of Chu (Chuyu): Among the treasures valued by the State of Chu, there was a man named Guan Shefu. Also used interchangeably with the character for "inn/lodge." In Selections of Refined Literature (Wenxuan), Sima Xiangru, Rhapsody on the Shanglin Park: The immortals feasted in the leisurely lodges. Also: Leaving the palace lodges empty without filling them. Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji) and History of the Former Han (Qianhan) both write it as guan. Also synonymous with the stork bird (guan). In Zhuangzi (Zhuangzi), Allegories: Just like watching magpies, mosquitoes, and gadflies flying past. Also according to Broad Rhymes (Guangyun) and Collection Rhymes (Jiyun), pronounced guan (level tone). In Bo Ya (Boya): To observe. In Orthodox Dictionary (Zhengzitong): Looking into the distance or looking upward is called guan; looking at things nearby or looking downward is called lin. In Book of Changes (Yijing), Guan Hexagram, initial six: Observing like a child. Zhu Xi says: The hexagram treats "display" as its meaning, and the line treats "observation" as its meaning. In Book of Documents (Shujing), Pan Geng: I see you clearly as if looking at a fire. The commentary says: I observe your situation as clearly as looking at a fire. Zheng Kangcheng reads it in the falling tone. In Guliang Tradition (Guliangzhuan), Fifth Year of Duke Yin: Duke Yin of Lu observed fishing at Tang. The commentary says: Ordinary affairs are called shi; extraordinary affairs are called guan. In Guan Yin Zi (Guanyinzi), Two Pillars: Love is my essence, guan is my spirit. Love is water, guan is fire. When love is attached and observes, it combines to form wood. When guan exists and loves, it gathers to form metal. Also means to travel or sightsee. In Mencius (Mengzi): How must I cultivate myself to be comparable to the travels of the former kings? Also means to divine or verify. In Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Treatise on Celestial Offices: Observing celestial phenomena is achieved by the Huang star. Jin Zhuo says: Guan means to verify; Huang is the carriage-house of the Five Emperors. Also means to manifest. In History of the Former Han (Qianhan), Biography of Yan An: Used to manifest desires to the world. Yan Shigu says: Displayed to them so that they might envy and covet them. Also according to Rhyme Compilation Supplement (Yunhuishibu), pronounced quan (falling tone). In Book of Rites (Liji), Black Robes: In the past, the Supreme Deity observed and exhorted the virtue of King Wen. The commentary says: "Zhou Tian Guan", ancient characters are "ge shen quan". Lu Deming, Explanation of Texts: Guan. According to the commentary, read as quan. Also rhyming with guang (level tone). In Basic Annals of Zhou (Jizhoushuju): Shi Kuang sang the Wushe pitch and said: The state is truly peaceful, people from afar come to observe. Cultivating the path and righteousness became the regular law, loving music but not neglecting government affairs. Also rhyming with jun (level tone). In History of the Former Han (Qianhan), Gao Biao's Poem: Deviating from the righteous path to rely on the powerful, there is nothing to observe. The noble integrity of the ancestors should be followed forever. Also rhyming with juan (level tone). In Fu Yi (Fu Yi), Seven Stimuli: Exhaustively investigating species, none that are not extensively observed. Lustrous and beautiful, the world honors his words. Also rhyming with juan (falling tone). In Yang Xiong (Yangxiong), Ganquan Rhapsody: The great mansion is curved and strange like clouds and waves, gathering into a magnificent view. Lifting the head and raising the eyes to look high, the eyes become blurred and nothing is seen. Also Book of Odes (Shijing), Lesser Odes (Xiaoya): Those bream and dace, caught in such large numbers. The commentary says: Guan means many. Han Poetry (Hanshi) writes it as "du". Note: Guan rhymes with "she". Zhu Xi's commentary does not contain this phrase. Rhyming with "zhe" is the pronunciation of the character "zhe", not the character "guan". Adjusted as follows: Also Book of Odes (Shijing), Lesser Odes (Xiaoya): Catching the bream and dace, they are observed in large numbers. Commentary: Means many. Han Poetry writes it as "du".