Wu Collection, Middle Volume. Radical: Eye (mù). Kangxi stroke count: 5. Page 798, Entry 25. Ancient forms. Pronounced mu. According to the Shuowen Jiezi (Explanation of Characters), the human eye; it is a pictograph representing the pupil within the eye. According to the Spring and Autumn Origin of Mandates and Presages (Chunqiu Yuanmingbao), it is the agent of the liver. According to Han's Commentary on the Book of Odes (Han Shi Waizhuan), it is the talisman of the heart. In the Book of Rites (Liji), it is described as that which is clear and bright within the vital energy (qi). In the Book of Changes (Yijing), within the Explanation of the Trigrams, the trigram Li represents the eye; the commentary notes that as it is the trigram of the south, it governs vision, hence it is the eye. In the Book of Documents (Shujing), the Canon of Shun mentions brightening the four eyes; the commentary explains this as broadening the vision of the four directions to resolve blockages under heaven. Furthermore, according to the Boya, it means to look. To gaze fixedly is called to eye (mu) something. In the Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Biography of the Chancellor, when Ping left Chu and crossed the river, the boatman suspected he had gold and eyed him. It also means to signal with the eyes. In the History of the Former Han (Qian Hanshu), Annals of Emperor Gao, Fan Zeng signaled repeatedly with his eyes to Xiang Yu to strike the Prince of Pei. It also refers to a sideways glance containing anger. In the Discourses of the States (Guoyu), the people of the state dared not speak, and communicated with their eyes along the roads. According to the Lesser Erya, it means essentials. In the Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), the Office of Spring, the diviner manages the three versions of the Book of Changes to distinguish the nine names of divination, the fourth being the shaman's eye; the commentary explains this as the essential matters. It also means to see. In the Gongyang Commentary, second year of Duke Huan, it says that for major internal evils, we taboo them; why is it mentioned here? The commentary explains that eye means to see, explicitly witnessing the evil. It also means to name or title. In the Guliang Commentary, first year of Duke Yin, it says Duan was the younger brother of the Earl of Zheng; by naming (mu) him the lord, we know he is the brother; the commentary explains this as referring to his title as the Earl of Zheng. It also means a list or category. In the Analects (Lunyu), it asks to inquire about its categories; the commentary defines this as conditions or items. In the Biography of Liu Xiang in the History of the Former Han, it mentions checking the secret archives, each having its own categories. It also refers to joints or parts of timber. In the Book of Rites (Liji), Record of Learning, it says those who are good at questioning are like attacking hard wood, dealing with the easy parts first and the joints and parts later. Master Fang remarked that joints refer to the hardness of the wood's grain, while parts refer to the essence of the wood's grain. It also refers to a title or subject. In the History of the Later Han (Hou Hanshu), Biography of Xu Shao, Cao Cao, when he was in a lowly position, often sought for Shao to give him a title; the commentary explains this as assigning a ranking or subject. In the Book of Jin, Biography of Shan Tao, in selecting and promoting people, each had a title; at the time, people referred to this as Master Shan's petitions. Furthermore, it refers to general categories versus specific items. In the Rites of Zhou, Office of Heaven, the minor administrator manages the completion of official business to govern the general, while the superintendent manages official methods to govern the items. In the Gongyang Commentary, fifth year of Duke Xi, if a single event is mentioned twice, the former is the item and the latter is the general. In the Spring and Autumn (Chunqiu) Fanlu, the item refers to distinguishing the specific details of a matter, while the general refers to citing the matter alone. It also refers to examination subjects. In the Old Book of Tang, Annals of Emperor Yizong, it mentions conducting examinations for candidates under Song Zhen and Hu Derong. In the History of Song, Treatise on Selection, the examination subjects of the Song dynasty included the Presented Scholar (jinshi), various subjects, and the military examination; beyond regular selections, there were also imperial examinations and examinations for children, and the jinshi candidates were the most numerous. Also, the Huangmu is the name of a Zhou dynasty sacrificial vessel. In the Book of Rites, Record of the Mingtang, it states that the fragrant wine vessel used the Huangmu. Also, the Huimu is a type of venomous bird. In the Huainanzi, it is said the Huimu knows the clear weather; the commentary explains that clear weather means without clouds. When the sky is about to become clear and calm, the Huimu calls first. Also, the Bimu is the name of a fish that cannot swim without its mate; it is also called a sole. See the Erya (Approaching Elegance), Chapter on Geography. Also, the Hengmu is an alternative name for the Fucao plant. The Guimu is an alternative name for the Fucao plant. Both are found in the Erya, Chapter on Plants. Furthermore, overseas there is the Kingdom of One Eye, where they reside with one eye in the center of their faces. See the Classic of Mountains and Seas (Shanhaijing). Also, Tianmu is the name of a mountain; according to the Record of Geography of the Yuanhe Era, there are two peaks on top, each with a pond at the summit, resembling the eyes on the left and right of heaven. It is also the name of a county. In the History of the Former Han, Geography Section, Hemu County was under the jurisdiction of Bing Province. It is also the name of a prefecture. In the Old Book of Tang, Geography Section, Muju Prefecture was under the Longyou Circuit. It is also a surname. According to the Qianfu Lun, the Muyi clan were descendants of the Zhou surname, and successors of Weizi of Song. Also, Musu is the name of a plant, commonly written in a variant form. In the History of the Former Han, Biography of the Western Regions, it is written as Muji Musu. In the Records of the Grand Historian, Biography of Dayuan, it is written as alfalfa. Also, pronounced mi. In the work Diyi (Disarming Doubts) by Xiahou Zhan, it says: The heart has exhausting ambitions, the appearance has a look of hunger; one begrudges the flowing river, not using it to launch the oars of a boat; one cherishes the light on the eastern wall, not using it to illuminate the eyes of a poor woman.