Yin Collection, Lower Volume Radical: Step (chì) 徂 Kangxi stroke count: 8 Page 365, Entry 39 Ancient form. Pronounced zu (level tone). Pronounced zu (level tone), read as the level tone of zuo. Book of Master Er (Erya), Explanation of Ancient Words: Means to go. Classic of History (Shangshu), Counsels of the Great Yu: At that time, the Miao tribes did not submit, you went to campaign against them. Classic of Poetry (Shijing), Odes of Bin: I went toward the Eastern Mountain. Also, Book of Master Er (Erya), Explanation of Ancient Words: Means to exist. Commentary: To treat cu as exist, is like treating luan as govern, nang as xiang, or gu as jin. Through repetitive analogical reasoning, one does not avoid using the same name for opposites like beauty and ugliness. Also, a name of a state. Classic of Poetry (Shijing), Greater Odes: Invaded the state of Ruan, the state of Cu, and the state of Gong. Note: Ruan, Cu, and Gong were three states that encroached upon the Zhou dynasty, which King Wen campaigned against. According to Zhu Xi’s commentary: Because they invaded the state of Ruan, one proceeded to arrive at the state of Gong. This differs from the interpretation in Zheng Xuan’s note. Also, Culai, a mountain name. Classic of Poetry (Shijing), Odes of Lu: The pine trees of Mount Culai.