Wei Collection, Middle Volume Radical: Silk (mì) 紂 Kangxi strokes: 9 Page 915, Entry 01 Pronounced zhou. According to the Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen Jiezi), it refers to the crupper or rear strap of a harness. According to the Dialects (Fangyan) by Yang Xiong, in the region west of the mountain pass, the crupper of a carriage is called zhou. The Guangyun dictionary notes that this is the common form. Also, according to the Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Annals of the Yin Dynasty, Emperor Xin was referred to by the world as Zhou. The commentary notes that according to the Methods of Posthumous Titles, one who is cruel, destroys justice, and abandons righteousness is called zhou.