You Collection, Lower Volume Radical: Time (chén) Kangxi Strokes: 10 Page 1252, Entry 21 Ancient form. Pronounced ru. According to the Tang Rhyme (Tangyun) and Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), the pronunciation is the same as the character ru. According to the Broad Rhymes (Guangyun), it means shame or disgrace. Book of Rites (Liji): A filial son does not climb dangerous places, fearing that he might bring disgrace upon his parents. Also refers to soiling or defiling. Zuo Commentary (Zuozhuan): It has been a long time since you were made to dwell in the mud and low places. Also refers to condescending; a humble expression. Book of Rites (Liji): When a decree from the ruler arrives, the host goes out to bow and express thanks, saying, "I am humbled by the arrival of your noble command." The commentary explains this as a modest way to refer to the arrival of a prestigious command. Also refers to punishment or corporal disgrace. Explanation of Writing and Analysis of Characters (Shuowen Jiezi): The character is composed of the radical for inch (cùn) placed below the radical for time (chén). It indicates the act of punishing someone for dereliction of duty at the border during the busy farming season. Also a surname, recorded in the Surnames Garden (Xingyuan).