Wu Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Field (tián) Zhi Kangxi stroke count: 11 Page 762, Entry 07 Pronounced zhi. Shuowen Jiezi (Explanation of Graphs and Analysis of Characters) states that it is the foundation where sacrifices are made to the heavens, earth, and the five emperors. Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Annals of Qin: To sacrifice to the Supreme Emperor at the Western Zhi. Suoyin Commentary: Duke Xiang was the first to be ranked as a feudal lord, and he resided at the Western Zhi. The Western Zhi was a county name; hence it was called the Western Zhi, where the White Emperor was worshipped. Zhi means to stop. It refers to the place where the spirits descend and stay. Book of Han (Hanshu), Treatise on Suburban Sacrifices: Written as qi (raised border). Yan Shigu Commentary: It is like the shape of a leek patch, with each being a mound of earth within the patch. Furthermore, sacrificing must be done at the foot of a high mountain; this is called a zhi. Commentary: The name of the place of sacrifice is called a zhi. Treatise on Geography (Kuodizhi): Duke Wen of Qin dreamed of a yellow snake descending from heaven to earth, its mouth stopping at Fuyan; he built a zhi to perform the suburban sacrifice to the White Emperor, known as the Fu Zhi. Duke Xuan of Qin built the Mi Zhi south of the Wei River to sacrifice to the Green Emperor; Duke Ling of Qin built the Shang Zhi at Wuyang to sacrifice to the Yellow Emperor, and also built the Xia Zhi to sacrifice to the Yellow Emperor. Also a place name. Zuo Tradition (Zuo Zhuan), 30th Year of Duke Xiang: Cheng Qian fled to Pingzhi. Commentary: Pingzhi is a city in the Zhou state. Also, 4th Year of Duke Ai: Guo Xia attacked Jin, taking Xing, Ren, Luan, Hao, Nizhi, Yin, Ren, Meng, and Hukou. Book of the Later Han (Hou Hanshu), Annals of Emperor Guangwu: Du Mao fought Jia Lan at Fanzhi. Commentary: Fanzhi is a county name, belonging to Yanmen Commandery; it is now in Daizhou. Pronounced shi. Pronounced zhi. Same meaning. Pronounced zhi. Similar to shi (to plant). Pronounced zhi. To store. Textual Research: In the Book of Han, Treatise on Suburban Sacrifices, Yan Shigu Commentary, it says it is like the shape of a leek patch, with each being a mound of earth within the patch. Furthermore, it says that sacrificing must be done at the foot of a high mountain, which is called a zhi; this implies that all high places are called zhi. We note that the Yan Shigu Commentary is intended to explain the character qi. The twelve characters beginning with sacrificing to and ending with zhi belong to the original text of the Treatise on Suburban Sacrifices, not the commentary. Based on the original text of the Book of Han, we have corrected it to read: The Book of Han, Treatise on Suburban Sacrifices, says it is written as qi. Yan Shigu Commentary says it is like the shape of a leek patch, with each being a mound of earth within the patch. Furthermore, sacrificing must be done at the foot of a high mountain; this is called a zhi. Commentary: The name of the place of sacrifice is called a zhi. Also, in the 4th Year of Duke Ai: Guo Xia attacked Jin, taking Xing, Ren, Luan, Hao, Nizhi, Yin, Ren, Meng, and Hukou. We have added the character Guo before Xia, according to the original text.