Chou Collection, Middle Volume. Radical: Scholar (shì); Kangxi stroke count: 14; Page 244. Ancient character. According to Tang Rhymes (Tangyun) and Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), it is pronounced shòu. According to Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen), it means long-lasting. All references to age or years can be called shou. Book of Documents (Shangshu), Chapter on Prince Shi: Heaven grants longevity and fairness. Book of Odes (Shijing), Greater Odes: Making the ritual vessel of the Duke of Shao, wishing the Son of Heaven ten thousand years of longevity without end. Zuo Commentary (Zuozhuan), 32nd Year of Duke Xi: You know nothing, this refers to middle-range longevity. Commentary: High-range longevity is 120 years, middle-range is 100 years, and low-range is 80 years. Luxuriant Dew of the Spring and Autumn Annals (Chunqiu Fanlu) by Dong Zhongshu: Shou means to reward. Longevity has length and brevity, which is due to gains and losses in self-cultivation. History of the Former Han (Qianhan Shu), Biography of Wang Ji: If one holds the aspirations of Yao and Shun in their heart, then their body will achieve the longevity of Red Pine (Chisongzi) and Prince Qiao (Wangzi Qiao). It also refers to giving gold, silver, silk, or linen to others as a gift, called shou. Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Biographies of Assassins: Yan Zhongzi presented one hundred yi of gold to celebrate the birthday of Nie Zheng's mother. It is also the name of a constellation. Erya, Explanation of Heaven: The longevity star (shouxing) is the Horn (Jiao) and Neck (Kang) constellations. Commentary: The order of the constellations begins with Horn and Neck; they are the leaders of the various mansions, hence they are called longevity. It is also a place name. Pingshou was a minor city of the state of Wei. Zuo Commentary (Zuozhuan), 20th Year of Duke Zhao: The Marquis of Wei was at Pingshou. In ancient times, Shou Prefecture belonged to Huainan; during the Spring and Autumn period, it was the territory of the states of Wu, Chu, and Cai. During the Warring States period, it was annexed by Chu, and King Kaolie moved his capital there, calling it Ying Capital. Lingshou was a city in the ancient state of Zhongshan. Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Annals of Wei: Yue Yang conquered the state of Zhongshan, and Marquis Wen of Wei enfeoffed him at Lingshou. Hanshou was the name of a pavilion located in Yandao in the Shu region. Cao Cao enfeoffed Guan Yu as Marquis of Hanshou Pavilion. It is also the name of a mountain. Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Annals of the Five Emperors: Shun made various tools at Shou Mountain. There is also a Shou Mountain in Houguan County, Fuzhou, which produces decorative stone that can be made into seals; it possesses all five colors, though the mugwort-green variety is rare. Poem by Huang Gan of the Song dynasty: The stone is carved by the axe and chisel because of its abundant patterns. It is also the name of a river. Shou River is in Shouyang County, Taiyuan; it has two sources, one originating at Yaoluo Village and the other at Xieqi Village, which converge and flow into the Dongwo River. It is also the name of a tree. The lingshou tree can be used to make walking sticks. Classic of Mountains and Seas (Shanhai Jing): The lingshou tree blooms and bears fruit. Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals (Lüshi Chunqiu): The flowers of the shou tree. It is also a surname. It is a descendant of King Shoumeng of Wu. There is also Changshou, which is a compound surname. According to Guangyun, it is pronounced zhí yǒu, and according to Jiyun, Yunhui, and Zhengyun, it is pronounced shì yǒu, read as the rising tone of chou. Book of Odes (Shijing), Odes of Bin: Brewing this spring wine to pray for longevity. Note: Both wine and longevity have rhymes; Zhu Xi treated them as rhyming, which is incorrect. The Corrected Dictionary (Zhengzitong) notes that shou and shou (to receive/to grant) both have rising and departing tones, and various rhyme dictionaries record them separately under the shou and you rhyme categories; the character shou is the same, and it is not the case that when shou is read as shou (to receive) it is exclusively a rising tone, or when read as shou (to grant) it is exclusively a departing tone.