You Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Speech (yán) Kangxi Strokes: 10 Page 1147, Entry 01 Pronounced tao (rising tone). From the Analysis of Characters and Explanations of Names (Shuowen Jiezi): To manage. Composed of Speech (yán) and Inch (cùn). Xu says: Inch represents law. Because one upholds a mandate to punish a crime, it is composed of Speech. This is an associative compound. Book of Documents (Shujing), Counsels of Gao Yao: Heaven punishes the guilty. Commentary: To punish is to manage the guilty and cause them to cease evil. Zuo Tradition (Zuozhuan), Twelfth Year of Duke Xuan: There was no day when his lord did not manage the people of the state and instruct them. Note: To manage. Also from the Extensive Rhymes (Guangyun): To execute. From the Categorized Compilation (Leipian): To kill. From Correct Rhymes (Zhengyun): To censure. Also to remove. Gongyang Commentary (Gongyangzhuan), Fourth Year of Duke Yin: Why is the person mentioned? It is language used to punish a rebel. Note: To punish is to remove. Also from the Jade Chapter (Yupian): To go away. Book of Rites (Liji), Vessels of Rites (Liqi): For a superior man, regarding rites, there is following and removing. Commentary: To follow the sequence and gradually remove it. Also from the Categorized Compilation (Leipian): To seek. From Rhymes (Yun): To explore. From Correct Rhymes (Zhengyun): To search. Analects (Lunyu): Shishu discussed it. Note: To discuss is to search and investigate. History of the Later Han (Hou Hanshu), Biography of Wang Chong: To investigate and extract the essence of things. Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi), Letter from Yuan Shao to Gongsun Zan: To investigate the source of the disaster. Also to be mixed. Book of Odes (Shijing), Odes of Qin: The shields are patterned. Commentary: Patterned refers to mixed feathers. Annotation: Mixed means to mix. To paint a pattern of mixed feathers on the shield. Also a title for an official. Old Book of Tang (Jiu Tangshu), Treatise on Official Posts: At the end of the Zhengyuan era, the position of Inviting-Punishment Commissioner was established. History of Jin (Jinshi), Treatise on Official Posts: The Inviting-Punishment Office was to invite and comfort those who surrendered and to campaign against those who were disloyal. Also pronounced tou (rising tone). Jia's Forest of Changes (Jia Shi Yilin): Three silk threads wind the crossbow, no benefit to the assistance. The city is weak and cannot be held, the lord of the outer wall receives punishment.