Chen Collection, Lower Volume Radical: Stop (zhǐ) Page 573, Entry 24 Pronounced zhǐ. According to the Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen Jiezi), it represents the root or foundation of a thing. It resembles the root of a plant or tree, and thus "stop" is used to denote the foot. According to Xu Kai, it refers to the nascent root or stem of a plant. Also, according to the Extensive Dictionary of Characters (Guangyun), it carries the meanings of stopping or the foot. Classic of Changes (Yijing), Hexagram Gen (Mountain): Gen means to stop. One should stop when it is time to stop, and act when it is time to act. Laozi, Classic of the Way and Virtue (Daodejing): To know satisfaction is to avoid disgrace, and to know when to stop is to avoid danger. It also denotes stillness or rest. Book of Rites (Liji), Jade Pattern: One must maintain a composed expression in the mouth. Commentary: This refers to not moving restlessly. Zhuangzi, Sign of Virtue Complete: One does not view one's reflection in moving water, but in still water; only that which is still can bring stillness to many other things. It also carries the meaning of ceasing or pausing. Analects (Lunyu): I shall stop when it is time to stop. Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Biographies of Harsh Officials: The bandits and thieves neither diminished nor ceased. It also means to reside or dwell. Book of Odes (Shijing), Greater Odes: Thus he lived in peace, thus he settled down. Also, Shang Odes: The territory of the state spans a thousand miles, a place for the people to reside. It also refers to the inner state of being settled or anchored. Book of Documents (Shangshu), Yi and Ji: Establish the place where your heart rests. Kong Anguo's Commentary: It says one should first settle the places of one's likes and dislikes. The Correct Meaning (Zhengyi) states: "Stop" refers to the place where the heart is settled. The Great Learning (Daxue) states: The ruler should settle upon benevolence, the minister should settle upon respect; the "place of likes and dislikes" refers to such matters. Zhu Xi states: "Stop" means the state of being absolutely certain to arrive at a destination without moving elsewhere. It also means to lodge or accommodate. Analects (Lunyu): He let Zilu stay for the night. Mencius (Mengzi): One may stay when it is permissible to stay. Military encampment is called "stop," while a short halt is called "sojourn." Also, any capture in warfare is referred to as "stop." Zuo Commentary (Zuozhuan), Eleventh Year of Duke Yin: Duke Yin of Lu engaged in battle with the people of Zheng at Hurang and was "stopped." Du Yu's Commentary: Out of respect for the ruler of one's own state, the term "stopped" is used to avoid the explicit term for being captured. Also, Fifteenth Year of Duke Xi: (The State of Jin) intercepted the Earl of Qin, intending to detain him. It also refers to one's demeanor or conduct. Book of Odes (Shijing), Odes of Yong: If a person has no proper conduct. Zheng Xuan's Annotations: "Stop" refers to demeanor. To have no "stop" is to be without propriety. Classic of Filial Piety (Xiaojing), Chapter on Sage Governance: His demeanor and conduct are worthy of being observed. It also refers to behavior or action. Book of Qi (Nan Qi Shu), Biography of Zhang Xintai: Zhang Xintai wore a deerskin cap and monk's robes. Emperor Wu of Qi said: How could the son of a prominent military family dare to engage in such behavior? Also, moral character and conduct are commonly called "xingzhi." Unofficial History of the Iron Rod (Waishi Chouwu): Zheng Yi taught his son the Selections of Refined Literature (Wenxuan). His elder brother said: Do not imitate the frivolous poems of Shen Yue and Xie Tiao, which tarnish a person's character. It also refers to a part of a musical instrument. Erya, Explanation of Music: The component used to strike the wooden percussion instrument (zhu) is called a "stop." Commentary: "Stop" is the name of that mallet. Book of Documents (Shangshu), Yi and Ji: (Use it) in harmony with the wooden instruments (zhu and yu) to perform. Zheng Xuan's Commentary: The zhu is shaped like a lacquered bucket with a mallet inside; to perform with it means to insert the mallet and strike the interior. Birds nesting is also called "stop." Book of Odes (Shijing), Lesser Odes: Now it flies, now it stops. "Three Stops" refers to three types of ritual protocols. Ban Gu, Rhapsody on Dark Communication: The Ying clan (Qin) obtained prestige from Bo Yi, while the foundation of the Jiang clan (Qi) lies in the "three stops." Commentary: This refers to the ancestor of the Qi state, Bo Yi, who presided over three ritual protocols. Also acts as a modal particle. Book of Odes (Shijing), Odes of Zhou: The granaries are all full, and the wives and children are all at peace. "Shouzhi" is a place name in the State of Wei, located in Xiangyi, Chenliu Commandery. Spring and Autumn Annals (Chunqiu), Fifth Year of Duke Xi: The Marquis of Qi held a meeting with the Crown Prince of the Zhou King at Shouzhi. Also, it is a variant of "zhi," meaning foot. Book of Etiquette and Ceremonial (Yili), Marriage Rites of the Scholars: Both had pillows, with feet pointing north. Zheng Xuan's Commentary: "Stop" means foot. In ancient scripts, "stop" was written as "zhi" (foot). Classic of Mountains and Seas (Shanhaijing): Han Liu had the body of a qilin, legs like irrigation ditches, and feet like pig's hooves. Guo Pu's Commentary: "Stop" means foot. History of the Former Han (Qian Hanshu), Hymns for the Suburban Sacrifices: A white qilin was captured, ah, it has five hooves. Yan Shigu's Commentary: "Stop" means foot. The white qilin in question had five hooves on its feet.