Wu Collection, Lower Volume Radical: Stand (lì) Kangxi Strokes: 19 Page 873, Entry 01 Guangyun: Pronounced jing (falling tone) Jiyun, Yunhui: Pronounced jing (falling tone) Zhengyun: Pronounced ju (falling tone) Sound is jing (falling tone). Strong. Book of Documents (Shujing), Established Government: Thus there are families that are greatly competitive. Erya, Explanation of Words: Jing means strong. Zuo Tradition (Zuozhuan), Seventh Year of Duke Xi: If the heart is not strong, why fear illness? Also, to contend, to chase, to be high, to be urgent. Book of Odes (Shijing), Eulogies of Shang: Not competitive, not urgent. Commentary: Jing means to chase. Zuo Tradition, Tenth Year of Duke Xiang: Will Zheng have a disaster? The military competition is already excessive. Commentary: This means contention. Twenty-third Year of Duke Ai: My humble state has affairs regarding the altars of the soil and grain, causing Fei and those with positions to compete there. Commentary: Jing means urgent. Also, Zengyun: Flourishing. Zuo Tradition, Third Year of Duke Zhao: The two kindnesses are both flourishing. Also, Jiyun: Sometimes written in a variant form. Also written in a variant form (jing). Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Officers of Spring, Bell Master, Commentary: To restrain and hold fast. Yunhui Supplement: Also written as (jing). Kaiyuan Five Classics Text: Mao Poetry: Hold the heart without being urgent. Also borrowed as the term for boundary (jing). Qin Curses on Chu Text: Raising troops and flourishing armies to press against the border. Also rhyming with liang (level tone). Yellow Court Classic (Huangtingjing): The soul and spirit keep watch internally without competition, the spirit is born in the belly holding a jade ladle. Also rhyming with liang (rising tone). Book of Odes, Greater Odes: There is no place to stop and hesitate, saying where can one go? The noble man indeed holds his heart without competition. Commonly written in a variant form. Textual Research: Zuo Tradition, Tenth Year of Duke Xiang: Will Zheng have a disaster? The military competition is already excessive. According to the original text, the character for have has been added before disaster. Also: Duke Kang of Ji said, my humble state has affairs regarding the altars of the soil and grain, causing Fei and those with positions to compete there. Note: This belongs to the text of the Twenty-third Year of Duke Ai. I have changed the five characters for Also Duke Kang of Ji said to Twenty-third Year of Duke Ai, and added the character for have before position.