Zi Collection, Page Position: Upper Radical: One (yi) Character: xia Kangxi strokes: 3 Page number: Page 76, Number 10 In ancient script, written in a variant form pronounced xia. Broad Rhymes (Guangyun): Pronounced with the fanqie hu and ya. Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), Rhyme Assembly (Yunhui), and Correct Rhymes (Zhengyun): Pronounced with the fanqie hai and ya. Read in the rising tone of xia. Indicates a low position, the opposite of up. Book of Changes (Yijing), Qian Hexagram, Wenyan Commentary: That which is rooted in the earth remains close to what is below. Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen Jiezi) explains it as the bottom. Jade Chapters (Yupian) explains it as behind. It also denotes being lowly or humble. Book of Etiquette and Ceremonial (Yili), Rites of Meeting Between Scholars: When first meeting a ruler, one brings a gift to the lower position. Zheng's Commentary states: Below refers to where the ruler is located. Jia's Sub-commentary explains: It does not mention a specific place but says below because a subject regards the ruler as being below themselves, thus it is called below. Collected Rhymes and Rhyme Assembly: Pronounced with the fanqie hai and jia, read in the departing tone of xia. Correct Rhymes explains it as descending, moving from a high place to a low place. Book of Changes, Zhun Hexagram: Using a noble status to humble oneself before those of lower rank. Preface to the Book of Odes (Shijing): The ruler is able to treat worthy men with humility. Erya, Explaining Ancient Terms (Shigu) explains: Below means to fall. Xing's Sub-commentary states: Below refers to falling from a height. When grass falls, it is called ling; when trees fall, it is called luo. It also means to remove. Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Summer Offices, Minister of Officers: Every year an accounting is made, and the numbers that have increased or decreased are removed. Rhyme Supplement (Yunbu): Rhyming pronunciation hou and wu, read like hu. Book of Odes, Shao Nan: Where are the offerings placed? Beneath the window of the ancestral temple. Rhymes with the word nv. Wu Yu says: In the Mao version of the Book of Odes, the character xia appears seventeen times, and Lu Deming provides this pronunciation for all of them. Examination of Ancient Pronunciations (Guyinkao) agrees with Wu Yu's view. Also rhymes with the fanqie hu and zuo, read like he. Cao Pi, Rhapsody of the Widow (Guafu Fu): The wind comes cold and fierce; dark clouds gather but the rain does not fall. Leaning on the pillow, sleep is hard to find; until morning I rise and sit alone. Textual Research: Erya, Exegesis of Evidence (Shizheng): Below means to fall. Note: According to the original text, Explaining Terms is changed to Exegesis of Evidence.