Yin Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Inch (cùn) 16 strokes Page 296, Entry 01 Ancient character. According to Collection of Rhymes (Jiyun) and Rhyme Anthology (Yunhui), the pronunciation is dao (falling tone); according to Correct Rhymes (Zhengyun), it is also dao (falling tone). In the Explanation of Simple and Compound Characters (Shuowen), it is defined as to guide or to lead. It is composed of the radical for inch and the phonetic component dao. Xu says it means to lead using an inch of force. In the Discourses of Zhou (Zhouyu), it is written that a person acts as a guide. The commentary states this refers to acting as an advance escort when an enemy state's envoy arrives. In the Mencius, it says the ruler sent someone to guide him out of the border. It also means to manage or regulate. In the Book of Documents (Shujing), specifically the Tribute of Yu (Yu Gong), it states to guide from Mount Qian and Mount Qi as far as Mount Jing. The commentary explains this refers to managing mountains and clearing water channels. It also means to connect or clear. In the Discourses of Zhou (Zhouyu), Crown Prince Jin said, the flow of river vapors is a form of guidance; by dredging rivers and valleys, one guides their energy. According to Supplemented Rhymes (Zengyun), it also means to enlighten or instruct. It is often used interchangeably with the word for path or way (dao). In the Analects (Lunyu), it states to guide (dao) them with virtue. In the History of the Former Han (Qianhan Shu), specifically the Annals of Emperor Wen, it states the way (dao) to guide the people lies in focusing on the fundamentals. It also refers to a hairpin used for grooming. In the Explanation of Names (Shiming), it states that a hairpin (zan) is to fasten; it is used to fasten the cap to the hair. The guide (dao) is used to comb and arrange the hair at the temples so that it enters inside the headcloth or turban. Emperor Gao of the Southern Qi dynasty was frugal by nature; upon seeing a jade hairpin in the garments of the head attendant, he said that keeping such an item is the source of extravagance and corruption, and he ordered it to be smashed to pieces.