Chen Collection, Middle Volume Radical: Tree (mù) Xiao Kangxi stroke count: 11 Page 529, Entry 01 Pronounced xiao Shuowen Jiezi (Explanation of Characters and Analysis of Compound Figures): An unfilial bird. Book of Odes (Shijing), Greater Odes (Daya): To be an owl, to be a kite. Lu Ji commentary: From the passes westward, the xiao is called liuli. When the young birds are fully grown, they return to eat their mother. Thus Zhang Huan said: The jiu-li bird eats its mother. Furthermore, its meat has a good flavor and can be made into a thick soup. Beihu Lu (Record of the Northern Regions): The ancients would also consume soup made from owls, intending to exterminate their kind, not because they found it delicious. Also, the act of decapitating someone and hanging the head upon a wooden stake is called xiaoshou (beheading and exposing the head). History of the Former Han (Qianhan Shu), Annals of Emperor Gao: The head of the deceased King of Sai, Sima Xin, was hung in the market of Yueyang. Also, it carries the meaning of being robust or brave. History of the Former Han (Qianhan Shu), Annals of Emperor Gao: The Mo people of the north and the people of Yan came to offer robust cavalry to assist the Han army. Also, it means the summit of a mountain. Guanzi, Treatise on Earth Resources (Diyuan Pian): The summit of that mountain has many mandarin orange trees, fu trees, and elm trees. The foot of that mountain has arrow bamboo and yuan grass. Also, it denotes a hero or a preeminent person. Huainanzi, Original Way Training (Yuan Dao Xun): Residing in stillness and solitude, yet able to become the hero of the world. Also, xiaohan refers to the appearance of deep-set eyes. Wang Bao, Four Masters’ Discourse on Virtue (Sizi Jiangde Lun): Countries with scorched black teeth and deep-set eyes, where the people have tattooed bodies and go naked, none did not hasten to come and offer tribute. Also, xiaolu is the name of a winning throw in the chupu board game. One point is xiao, six points are lu. Xie Ai of the Jin Dynasty said: Xiao means to invite or obtain. In the game of liubo, those who obtain the invite win. Songs of Chu (Chuci): When throwing a xiao to win, one shouts five white. Xiao-er is the min-cai (name of a throw); mou means to win. To surpass the xiao throw, one must roll five white points. Also, Ben-cao Bie-lu (Separate Records of Materia Medica): Peach fruits that do not fall until the end of winter are called xiaotao (owl peaches). Also, a surname. Xingpu (Genealogy of Surnames): After Emperor Yang of Sui executed Yang Xuangan, he changed his surname to the Xiao clan. Textual Research: In Songs of Chu (Chuci), the text says cheng xiao wei mou. In accordance with the original text, this has been corrected to cheng xiao er mou.