Shen Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Grass (cǎo) Xiao Kangxi Strokes: 18 Page 1059, Entry 10 Pronounced xiao. Artemisia (a type of mugwort). Book of Odes (Shijing): Gathering the artemisia there. Commentary: This is what people today call di-mugwort. Book of Rites (Liji): Artemisia is combined with millet and broomcorn, and its fragrance penetrates to the walls and roof. Also, pronounced xiao. Sound of horses neighing. Book of Odes (Shijing): The horses neigh xiao-xiao. Annotation: Refers to the sound. Also, meaning exhausted or distressed. History of the Former Han Dynasty (Qian Han Shu): Between the Yangtze and Huai rivers, there is a state of xiao-ran (distress and heavy expenditure). Annotation: Xiao-ran is similar to sao-ran, the appearance of being troubled and weary. Also, xiao-tiao, meaning desolate or lonely. Song Yu: Nine Arguments (Jiubian): Xiao-se, the trees and plants sway, fall, and change into decay. Annotation: The dark mandate forces them; it refers to a cold wind that is swift and violent. Also, in the Analects (Lunyu): Not in Zhuan-yu, but within the xiao-qiang (screen wall). He Yan Annotation: The term xiao implies being respectful and solemn; qiang refers to a screen. The ritual for ruler and subject meeting requires one to become solemn upon reaching the screen. Also, the name of an axe. Zuo Si: Rhapsody on the Capital of Wei (Wei Du Fu): Xiao axes with stacked handles and sheathed blades. Shuowen Jiezi Annotation: The xiao axe is an axe for cutting mugwort. Also, a state name. Zuo Commentary (Zuo Zhuan): In the fourteenth year of Duke Wen, Gao Ai of Song was the warden of Xiao. Annotation: Xiao was a vassal state of Song. Also, a pass name. History of the Former Han Dynasty (Qian Han Shu): Moving north out of Xiao Pass. Also, a surname. Qian Fu Lun: The Xiao clan is an ancient clan from the Yin dynasty. Also, rhyming with xiu. Study of Ancient Sounds in the Mao Odes (Mao Shi Gu Yin Kao): Cold are the waters below, soaking the bushy mugwort. Rhymes with zhou. Qu Yuan: Nine Songs (Jiuge): The wind is gusty, and the trees are xiao-xiao. Rhymes with you. Note: In the Rites of Zhou (Zhou Li), in the section on the Office of the Earth, regarding the term xiao-mao, Zheng Xuan pronounced it as suo-lu, but Du Zichun was the first to read it as xiao.