Shen Collection, Middle Volume. Radical: Insect (chóng). Kangxi strokes: 13. Page 1084, Entry 22. Pronounced fu (rising tone). According to the Shuowen Jiezi, the original form was written as a variant character, referring to the large ant (bifù). Modern usage is written as the character here. Book of Literary Expositions (Erya), Explanation of Insects: The bifù is a large ant. Commentary: Among ants, the larger variety is called bifù. Han Yu writes in his poetry: The large ant attempts to shake the great tree; it is laughable how it does not measure its own strength. According to the Rhyme Compendium (Yunhui), citing the Commentary to the Book of Han (Hanshu): The bi is also known as the mayfly (fúyóu), also called qülüe. Book of Odes (Shijing), Odes of Cao: The wings of the mayfly are as bright and neat as clothing. Book of Literary Expositions (Erya), Explanation of Insects: The mayfly is the qülüe. Commentary: It resembles a dung beetle, with a slender body and horns. It is yellow-black in color and lives in clusters within manure. It is born in the morning and dies by evening; pigs like to eat it. Lu Ji states: It resembles a beetle, has horns the size of a finger, and is three to four inches long. It has wings beneath its shell and can fly. It emerges from the ground during the rainy season in summer. Modern people roast and eat it; its flavor is as delicious as a cicada. Fan Guang refers to it as a dung-dwelling insect. Yangzi's Dialect (Fangyan): The mayfly is known as qülüe in the Qin and Jin regions. Textual Research: In the Book of Literary Expositions (Erya), Explanation of Insects, the entry for large ant has been corrected. In the commentary, the character for ant has been updated to the variant form. In the citation of Lu Ji, the phrase modern people has been corrected from the original text which incorrectly read let people.