Mao Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Heart (xīn) 慫; Kangxi Stroke Count: 15; Page 399 Pronounced song (rising tone) According to the Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen Jiezi), it means to be startled. Formed from the radical Heart and a phonetic element. Also, the compound word meaning to urge or encourage. Pronounced zong (falling-rising tone). The meaning is the same.