Chou Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Mouth (kǒu) Character: Yu Kangxi Dictionary strokes: 12 Page 200, Entry 06 Pronounced yu. The Jade Handbook (Yupian) defines this as to understand or to know. The Extensive Dictionary of Rhymes (Guangyun) notes this was originally written as the character meaning to instruct. It refers to a metaphor, an allegory, or an admonition. Book of Rites (Liji), section titled Record of the Crown Prince Wen (Wenwang Shizi): When at home, one had guardians; when going out, one had teachers; thus, through instruction and enlightenment, virtue was cultivated. Also, from the Record on the Subject of Education (Xueji): One may be called skilled in enlightenment. Analects (Lunyu): The superior person understands what is righteous, while the inferior person understands what is profitable. Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Biography of Prince Bi of Wu: Not daring to distance himself, he sent an envoy to communicate his sincere feelings. Also a surname. The Extensive Dictionary of Rhymes (Guangyun) notes that for some, this surname is pronounced shu, and originates from the Yuzhang region. According to the Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), it is also pronounced yu. The term ou-yu describes a gentle and pleasant appearance. History of the Former Han (Qianhan Shu), Biography of Wang Bao: He accepted it with a gentle and pleasant expression. According to the Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), another interpretation is that pang-yu refers to singing.