You Collection, Lower Volume Radical: Carriage (chē) 輿 Kangxi Stroke Count: 17 Page 1247, Entry 17 Pronounced yú. According to the Shuowen Jiezi (Explanation of Graphs and Analysis of Characters), it refers to the base of a carriage. In the Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), section Winter Official: Record of Trades (Kaogongji), it states that carriage makers construct carriages. The commentary explains that carriage makers specialize in building the carriage box, and the reference to constructing the carriage implies that the box is the primary component. The Book of the Later Han (Houhan Shu), Treatise on Carriages and Attire, records that ancient sages observed rolling vegetation and created wheels, but since wheels could not carry goods, they were inspired to create the carriage box. The Rhyme Compendium (Yunhui) cites the Explanation of the Odes (Shigu), noting that boards were added above the shafts and axles to carry items; the components of the floor, the front bar, the vertical bar beneath the rail, and the side rails all attach to it, and the term for the whole is yu. It also refers to the imperial carriage. Cai Yong’s Independent Judgment (Duduan) states that the vehicles, clothing, implements, and various goods used by the Emperor are called imperial carriages (shengyu). The commentary explains that yu means carriage and sheng means to support or carry. The Rhyme Compendium further notes that the phrase quanyu means the beginning. The manufacture of scales begins with the weight (quan), and the manufacture of carriages begins with the box (yu). Additionally, the Correct Rhyme (Zhengyun) states that kanyu is a collective term for heaven and earth. The Book of the Former Han (Qianhan Shu), Treatise on Arts and Letters, mentions the Kanyu Jinkui (Golden Chest of Heaven and Earth) in fourteen volumes. The commentary explains that kan refers to the way of heaven, and yu refers to the way of earth. It also implies support and movement. The Zuo Tradition (Zuozhuan), Year 11 of Duke Xi, notes that this is the support for respectful ritual. The commentary explains that this means it carries ritual into practice. Furthermore, in Year 24 of Duke Xiang, it is stated that a good reputation is the vessel for virtue. It also means to bear or carry. The Strategies of the Warring States (Zhanguo Ce) mentions one hundred men carrying a ladle and walking quickly. According to the Guangyun, it means many. The Jiyun also defines it as numerous. In the Zuo Tradition (Zuozhuan), Year 28 of Duke Xi, it is recorded that Duke Wen of Jin listened to the songs of the multitude. The Rhyme Compendium notes that fuyu describes the appearance of flourishing auspicious energy. It is also an aesthetic term. Sima Xiangru’s Rhapsody on Sir Vacuous (Zixu Fu) describes vegetation as lush and vibrant. Yuren refers to minor officials; the Zuo Tradition (Zuozhuan), Year 4 of Duke Zhao, mentions the yuren sending him inside. Qiuyu is a place name; the Zuo Tradition (Zuozhuan), Year 4 of Duke Cheng, records that Prince Yan of Zheng defeated them at Qiuyu. The commentary identifies this as a location in the State of Zheng. Pingyu is another place name; the Book of the Later Han (Houhan Shu), Treatise on Commanderies and Kingdoms, records Pingyu as belonging to Runan Commandery, identified as the ancient State of Shenzi. It is also a surname. The Rhyme Compendium notes it originated from the descendants of Bo Yu, a high official of the Zhou dynasty. Pronounced yù. Defined in the Expanded Rhymes (Zengyun) as a carriage that is lifted; a vehicle carried by two people using their hands. The Jiyun notes it is sometimes written in a variant form. The Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Treatise on the Feng and Shan Sacrifices, uses this variant form.