Chen Collection, Middle Volume. Radical: Tree (mù). Kangxi stroke count: 13. Page 542, Entry 05. Ancient script. Tang Rhyme (Tangyun), Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), Rhyme Compilation (Yunhui), and Correct Rhymes (Zhengyun) record it as pronounced kai (falling tone). Explained in Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen) as a type of tree; it is the tree planted upon the tomb of Confucius. Huainanzi, Treatise on Grass and Trees (Huainanzi Caomuxun) states the kai tree grows on the tomb of Confucius, with branches and trunk that are sparse and not crooked, for its nature is upright. Also, Broad Rhymes (Guangyun) defines it as a model, pattern, or rule. Book of Rites (Liji), Confucian Conduct (Ruxing) says: practices performed by contemporaries are taken as models by future generations. Biography of Li Ying in the History of the Later Han (Hou Hanshu) refers to the model of the world, Li Yuanli. Also refers to being strong and upright. The Treatise on Character (Renwuzhi) states: refined and cautious people have the strength of being respectful and circumspect, but the weakness of being prone to suspicion. Strong and firm people have the utility of serving as a backbone, but the weakness of being arbitrary and stubborn. Also refers to regular script. Book of Jin (Jinshu), Biography of Wei Heng states: Wang Cizhong of Shanggu first established the rules for regular script. History of the Road (Lushi) notes that modern regular script has several font styles, including ancient regular script and contemporary regular script. Also, Tang Rhyme (Tangyun), Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), Rhyme Compilation (Yunhui), and Correct Rhymes (Zhengyun) record it as pronounced jie. The meaning is the same. Also rhyming with qianli, pronounced qi. History of the Later Han (Hou Hanshu), Shi Cen, Eulogy for the Expedition (Chushisong) says: skilled in civil and martial arts, well-versed in the Odes, the Documents, and the rituals. Imitating the hundred officials, setting a model for the people of the world.