Mao Collection, Middle Volume Radical: Hand (shǒu) Kangxi stroke count: 13 Page 443, Entry 25 Pronounced kai (level tone). Gloss: To rub or grind. Citation: Rubbing against the thorns of the thicket and pushing through the thorny hedge — Western Capital Rhapsody (Xijing Fu). Pronounced kai (falling tone). Gloss: To jostle or push; to force one's way through. Also used interchangeably with the character for a type of drum. Citation: The Kucha department possesses the jie drum, the kai drum, and the waist drum — Book of Tang (Tangshu), Record of the Southern Barbarians and the Pyu Kingdom. Pronounced jia (entering tone). Gloss: A percussion instrument made of wood used to cease musical performance. Citation: Striking the jade chimes and percussion instruments — Book of Rites (Liji), The Office of the Hall of Distinction (Mingtangwei). Note: The percussion instrument mentioned refers to the wooden percussion vessels known as zhu and yu. Textual note: The original text of the Erya (Boya) states to rub or wipe; this has been corrected here to read to grind.