Chen Collection, Lower Volume Radical: Bad (dǎi) 殲 Kangxi stroke count: 21 Page 584, Entry 12 Ancient script. Pronounced xian (rising tone). Book of Rites (Erya), Explanation of Glosses: Jian means to exhaust or finish. Xing Commentary: She-ren says: Jian means the exhaustion of a multitude. Spring and Autumn Annals (Chunqiu), Seventeenth Year of Duke Zhuang: The people of Qi were wiped out at Sui. Guliang Commentary: Jian means to exhaust. Du Yu says: The garrison at Sui was negligent and lacked defenses, so the people of Sui punished them and killed them all. Therefore, the historian of the time used the word for total exhaustion to describe the event. Classic of History (Shujing), Punitive Expedition of Yin: Exterminate their leaders. Book of Odes (Shijing), Odes of Qin: Destroyed my good men. Also in Zuo Commentary (Zuozhuan), Twenty-eighth Year of Duke Xiang: They will gather and wipe them out. The meaning is the same.