Si Collection, Lower Volume Radical: Dog (quǎn) Entry: Fan Kangxi stroke count: 6 Page 706, Entry 02 Ancient script Pronounced fan (rising tone) Yu Pian (Jade Chapters): To collide or touch. Guang Yun (Broad Rhymes): To offend, to invade, to usurp, to overcome. Erya, Explanation of Words: Fan means to overcome. Commentary: To infringe or oppress, to prevail over. Book of Documents (Shangshu), Counsels of Great Yu: Thus, do not commit an offense against the officials. Book of Rites (Liji), Summary of the Rules of Propriety: When wearing armor and helmet, one should have a countenance that cannot be offended. Tangan (Tangan, section of Liji): In serving one's parents, one should offer advice privately without being insubordinate. Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Summer Offices: The Grand Charioteer is in charge of driving the jade carriage for sacrificial rites and the Fanba rite. Commentary: A ritual performed before a journey through mountains is called Ba. To perform the Fanba rite, one mounds earth to resemble a mountain, and uses bundles of mugwort, straw, and cypress as spirit tablets. Once the sacrifice is complete, one drives the carriage over the mound and departs, symbolizing the absence of danger or difficulty. Zi Hui Bu (Supplement to the Collection of Characters): Also pronounced fan (falling tone). Ouyang Xiu, Poem on the New Widow: The orchids wither and the fragrant herbs die, who is there to mourn? The withered chrysanthemums by the fence contend in beauty. The green pine maintains its integrity when facing danger, with an upright countenance so stern that it cannot be offended.