Si Collection, Middle Volume Radical: Claw (zhǎo) Page 80, Line 19 Ancient character forms: variant forms pronounced zhuàn and wéi. Tang Rhymes (Tangyun): Pronounced with the initial of yuan and the final of zhi. Collected Rhymes (Jiyun): Pronounced with the initial of yu and the final of gui. The pronunciation is the same as the character wei. Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen Jiezi) explains it as a female monkey. This animal likes to use its claws. The claw element in the character shape resembles a female monkey. The lower part is also the form of a female monkey. Wang Yu says the claw is a pictograph. Also, in Approaching the Correct (Erya): To act or to create are both meanings of wei. In the Book of Documents (Shangshu): I wish to exert effort in the four directions, you must go and do it. In the Great Plan (Hongfan) section: Having strategy, having action, and having integrity. It also means to govern. In the Discourses of the States (Guoyu): The illness can no longer be treated. The note states: Wei means to treat or govern. It also means to cause or command. In the Discourses of the States (Guoyu): This is to cause future generations to manifest the good name of their predecessors. The note states: Wei is used like the word for to cause. It is also used as a grammatical particle. In the Book of Han (Hanshu): Why must they merely flee and hide in the cold and bitter lands north of the desert? It is also used as a surname. The Comprehensive Rhymes (Guangyun) cites the Comprehensive Meaning of Customs (Fengsu Tong): In the Han dynasty, there was a Governor of Nanjun named Wei Kun. The Rhyme Assembly (Yunhui) notes: Descendants of Gong Wei, the son of Duke Zhao of Lu. Also, the Comprehensive Rhymes (Guangyun), Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), and Rhyme Assembly (Yunhui) all record the pronunciation as yu-wei, the same as the character wei. The Comprehensive Rhymes (Guangyun) states it means to help. The Augmented Rhymes (Zengyun) states it expresses meanings such as cause, reason, the passive voice, protection, or giving. In the Book of Documents (Shangshu): Ministers should assist in virtuous governance for those above and govern the people for those below. The Textual Explanations (Shiwen) states: The character wei in for those above and for those below is pronounced yu-wei. Xu Miao says these four instances of wei are all pronounced yu-wei. Also, in the Numerous Officers (Duoshi) section: Only we humble people uphold and act. In the Book of Odes (Shijing): Good fortune and emolument come to assist. The Commentary (Jian) states: Wei is used like the word for to assist. The Textual Explanations (Shiwen) states: Pronounced yu-wei; for the sake of rhyme, it can also be read with its standard pronunciation. Also, as a rhyming sound, it is pronounced wu-he, the same as the character e. In the Book of Odes (Shijing): The hare moves freely, while the pheasant is caught in the net. Before I was born, these things were not so. Since I was born, I have encountered various sorrows; I wish to sleep long and move no more.