Xu Collection, Middle Volume. Radical: Leather (wéi). Kangxi strokes: 9. Page 1393, Entry 06. Ancient script. According to Tang Rhymes (Tangyun), pronounced wei; according to Collected Rhymes (Jiyun) and Rhyme Anthology (Yunhui), pronounced wei. According to Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen), it means back-to-back. It is composed of the radical for feet facing away (chuǎn) and a phonetic component. The leather of animals can be used to bind and correct things that are bent or contrary, hence it is borrowed to refer to leather. According to Broad Rhymes (Guangyun), it is soft leather. In the Zuo Tradition (Zuozhuan), 33rd year of Duke Xi: Used four pieces of processed cowhide to send as a preliminary gift. The commentary states that the term refers to four pieces of cowhide. In the Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Office of Spring: For all military operations, wear the leather cap dress. In the Ceremonial Rites (Yili), Hosting Envoys: The ruler of a state sends an envoy wearing a leather cap. The annotation states that a leather cap is a cap made from soft, red-yellow processed leather. In the Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Biography of Confucius: He read the Book of Changes (Yijing) so often that the leather straps binding the bamboo slips broke multiple times. In the Songs of Chu (Chuci), Divination by Lot: Will you be smooth and follow the customs, as soft as grease and processed leather, to seek wealth? Also, in the Book of Han (Qianhushu), Hymns for the Suburban Sacrifices: Harmonious and coordinated, the sounds are bright and clear. The commentary by Shigu says that the term used here means harmony and not being contrary to one another. Also, the name of a state. In the Book of Odes (Shijing), Shang Eulogies: The states of Wei and Gu have already been punished. The commentary notes that Wei refers to Shiwei, which carries the surname Peng. In the Zuo Tradition (Zuozhuan), 24th year of Duke Xiang: During the Shang Dynasty, there was the Shiwei clan. The annotation notes that Shiwei is the name of a state. According to Comprehensive Geography (Yitongzhi): Hua County in Daming Prefecture, Zhili, is the ancient fiefdom of the Shiwei clan. Also, the Xiwei clan, a title of an ancient emperor. In the Book of Master Zhuang (Zhuangzi), External Things: To look at the present age from the perspective of the Xiwei clan. Also, Buwei, a county name belonging to Yizhou Commandery, as seen in the Book of Han (Qianhushu), Treatise on Geography. Also, a surname. According to the Garden of Surnames (Xingyuan), it originates from the descendants of the Peng clan of the Zhuanxu lineage; during the Xia Dynasty, they were enfeoffed at Shiwei and adopted the state name as their surname. Also, interchangeable with the term for surround (wéi). In the Book of Han (Qianhushu), Annals of Emperor Cheng: A great wind uprooted large trees of ten spans in circumference or more within the Ganquan altar. The commentary by Shigu says that the character used here is the same as the one for surround. Also, according to Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), pronounced huai. Originally written as the character for revolve (huí). See the detailed entry under the Enclosure (wéi) radical for the character revolve.