Wu Collection, Middle Volume Radical: Eye (mù) Character: rui Kangxi Stroke Count: 14 Page 813, Entry 04 Pronounced rui (falling tone). Shuowen Jiezi (Shuowen): Deep understanding. To penetrate. Yupian (Yupian): Sagehood, wisdom. Book of Documents (Shangshu), Great Plan (Hongfan): Thought is called rui; rui leads to sagehood. Cai Commentary (Cai Zhuan): Rui means to penetrate the subtle. Zhonglun (Zhonglun), Essentials of Cultivation (Xiuben): There is no greater rui than self-reflection. Shuowen: Originally written as rui, in the ancient seal script (zhouwen) it is written as rui. History of the Former Han Dynasty (Qianhan), Treatise on the Five Elements (Wuxingzhi): Also written as rui. Correctness of the Six Writings (Liushu Zheng’e): Composed of the element for deep (shen) and the element for eye (mu), with the element for valley (gu) abbreviated. It takes the meaning of piercing from the first element, clarity from the eye element, and the endless echo from the valley element. Writing it as rui is incorrect. The common form is even more incorrect.