Chen Collection, Upper Volume. Radical: Sun (rì). Kangxi stroke count: 16. Page 500, Entry 10. The ancient form is written as lli. Pronounced li (falling tone). Pronounced li (falling tone). Pronounced li (falling tone). It shares the same pronunciation as li (falling tone). Shuo Wen Jie Zi defines it as observing and calculating astronomical phenomena. Book of Documents (Shangshu), Canon of Yao states: Observe and calculate the movements of the sun, moon, and stars, and respectfully convey the timing for farming to the people. The commentary explains: Stars refer to the celestial mansions of the four cardinal directions and the center; the term chen refers to the positions of the conjunctions of the sun and moon. By observing and calculating their divisions and solar terms, one respectfully records celestial timing to teach the people. Also, Book of Documents (Shangshu), Canon of Shun states: Harmonize the four seasons and months, and rectify the days. The sub-commentary cites the Book of Generations (Shiben), stating: Rong Cheng created the calendar, and he was a minister to the Yellow Emperor. Furthermore, Book of Documents (Shangshu), Great Plan states: The fifth category is the calendar. The commentary explains: Calendar numbers refer to the count of solar terms used to establish the calendar. The sub-commentary explains: Calculating the orbital paths traversed by the sun and moon, and deducing the timing of solar terms, new moons, and full moons to establish the calendar for the year. Zhengzitong explains: The calendar is based primarily on the sun, which is why the character contains the sun radical. Its form derives from lli, representing the deduction of the twenty-eight mansions through which the sun passes, rectifying the trajectory of the sun's movement. The creation of a calendar must account for the beginning, the middle, and the end. First, find the winter solstice to determine the starting point of the calendar; this is to rectify the beginning. Observe the stars appearing at dusk; this is to rectify the middle. Observe the variations in the intersection of the sun and the celestial sphere, as well as the waxing and waning of the sun and moon, and use intercalary months to adjust the remainders; this is to bring everything to a conclusion. Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji) and Book of Han (Hanshu) use the character li interchangeably.