Shen Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Grass (cǎo) Jian Kangxi strokes: 15 Page 1044, Entry 14 According to the Tang Rhyme (Tangyun), pronounced jian. It signifies the appearance of lush vegetation. According to the Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), pronounced jian. In the Book of Odes (Shijing), the line "the oleracea grows lushly," the version explained by Li Zhou is written as jian jian. According to the Jade Chapters (Yupian), pronounced qian; another pronunciation is given as jing. The meanings are the same.