Xu Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Gate (mén) Chan Kangxi strokes: 20 Page 1342, Entry 01 Tangyun: Pronounced chan (falling tone) Jiyun, Yunhui, Zhengyun: Pronounced chan (falling tone) Shuowen Jiezi (Shuowen): To open. Zengyun: To clear away or unblock. Biography of Ban Gu in Book of the Later Han (Hou Hanshu): Those who have clan titles and continue the opening and revealing of heaven. Commentary: Chan means to open. Zengyun: To display or make manifest. Yupian: To clarify or illuminate. Book of Changes (Yijing), Xici: The Changes make manifest the past and examine the future; they make the subtle manifest and the obscure clear. Commentary: Chan means to clarify. Book of Documents (Shujing), Counsels of Great Yu: Performing the shield and feather dance on the two staircases. Commentary: To cultivate and clarify the civilizing teachings, performing the civil dance between the guest and host staircases. Preface to the Zuo Zhuan by Du Yu: Those who make the subtle manifest and the obscure clear, deciding and forming the categories of righteous meaning, all rely on old precedents to issue meaning, pointing to actions to correctly praise or blame. Tai Xuan by Yang Xiong: Sixth position: Obscurity is clarified in accumulation. Commentary: Six is the term for water. Obscurity bestows blessings upon the lower, therefore it is clarified and accumulated. Yupian: To be great. Commentary on the Feng Hexagram in the Book of Changes (Yijing): Chan is a term for being grand and vast. Everything that is great has two types: one is natural greatness, and one is made great by human expansion and promotion. Book of Documents (Shujing), The Jun Shi: You must grandly expand the great teachings of the Duke of Zhou. Commentary: You who govern, you must clarify and make great the great teachings of the Duke of Zhou. Also means to widen. Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Annals of Qin Shi Huang: Widely unified the world. Commentary on the Shan Liangfu: To sacrifice and widen the lands and territories. Also a place name. Zuo Zhuan, Eighth Year of Duke Ai: In summer, the people of Qi took Huan and Chan. Commentary: Chan is north of Liu County in Dongping. Book of the Later Han (Hou Hanshu), Treatise on Geography: In Yizhou, there is Chan in Yuexi Commandery. Jiyun: Pronounced chan (rising tone). Eulogy for Lord Lu by Lu Yun: The brilliant light had already shone, the spiritual treasure was not yet revealed; not fearing for the imperial map, I hold resentment as I pass away. Yunbu: Rhymes with chen (level tone). Eulogy for the Tortoise by Lu Ji: Investigating the mysterious and searching for the hidden, there is nothing obscure that is not revealed. Below it matches the great earth, above it matches the pure and unmixed.