Chou Collection, Middle Volume Radical: Earth (tǔ) 垣 Kangxi strokes: 9 Page 228, Entry 20 In archaic scripts. According to Tang Rhymes (Tangyun), pronounced yuan. According to Collected Rhymes (Jiyun) and Rhyme Anthology (Yunhui), pronounced yuan. A low wall is called yuan, while a high wall is called yong. According to Explanation of Names (Shiming), it means to assist. It is a screen that people rely upon, serving as aid and defense. Book of Odes (Shijing), Great Odes (Daya): The grand master acts as a wall. Commentary on the Spring and Autumn Annals (Zuozhuan), 31st Year of Duke Xiang: Zichan completely tore down the perimeter walls of the guesthouses to allow carriages and horses to enter. Also, the constellations include the Upper, Middle, and Lower Enclosures (yuan). According to Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Book of the Celestial Officials: The Upper Enclosure, the Taiwei Palace enclosure, has ten stars. To the north of the eastern enclosure is the Upper Minister, known as the Left Wicket Gate, and to the north of the western enclosure is the Upper General, known as the Right Wicket Gate. According to Old Book of Tang (Tangshu), Biography of Quan Deyu: The left and right wicket walls receive the emperor’s mandates. The Middle Enclosure, the Ziwei Palace enclosure, has fifteen stars, with left and right wickets similar to the Taiwei Enclosure. According to Xiangshan Yelu: Before Emperor Taizu of Song achieved prominence, he drank with Zhao Pu, sitting on the left side of the mat. Zhao Pu grew angry and said: Can a minor star of the Ziwei Enclosure occupy the upper position? He scolded him and made him move to the emperor's right. The Lower Enclosure, the Tianshi Palace enclosure, has twenty-two stars. According to Guixin Zazhi: The celestial field of Yangzhou corresponds exactly to the Tianshi Enclosure, which is why the people there are mostly fond of marketplaces. Also, the name of an ancient city. According to Gazetteer of the Unified Empire (Yitongzhi), Yuan is the place where the Duke of Shao of the Zhou Dynasty governed after dividing the territory at Shan; the Song Dynasty changed the name to Yuanqu. Also, Dongyuan, a county name from the Qin Dynasty. According to Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Annals of Emperor Gaozu: When Chen Xi, the Chancellor of the Dai State, rebelled, the Emperor led a campaign to punish him, and Chen Xi’s generals surrendered the city of Dongyuan, which was subsequently renamed Zhending. Also, a type of jade. According to Pianya: Yingyuan is a beautiful jade. Classic of Mountains and Seas (Shanhaijing): Yuci Mountain has an abundance of this yingyuan jade on its southern face. Also, a surname. In the Han Dynasty, there was a Governor of Xihe named Yuan Gong. Also, according to Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), pronounced huan. The meaning is the same. Sometimes also written in a variant form. Also, in Forest of Changes (Yilin): Words spoken in a gathering of clamor are not as good as my wall. Happy and solid, it can bring long-lasting peace. Note: The characters yan and yuan originally belong to the yuan rhyme, so the character an should be pronounced yuan. The Zhengzitong lexicographers changed the pronunciation of yuan to yan and an to yan, which causes the character yan to be mistakenly placed into the xian rhyme. Also, pronounced yan in the yie-ran rhyme pattern. Liu Zhen, Poem Presented to Xu Gan: Who says we are separated by a great distance, blocked by this western wicket wall? Bound and restricted by pure regulations, the feelings within cannot be expressed.