Wu Collection, Lower Volume Radical: Spirit (shì) 15 strokes Page 845, Entry 19 Pronounced yǒng. Name of a sacrifice. Zuo Commentary (Zuozhuan), First Year of Duke Zhao: When there are disasters such as floods, droughts, or plagues, offer the ying sacrifice to the spirits of mountains and rivers. When snow, frost, winds, or rain occur out of season, offer the ying sacrifice to the spirits of the sun, moon, and stars. Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Spring Officials: The Great Invoker manages the six types of prayers to communicate with spirits; the fourth is the ying sacrifice. Explication of Writing (Shuowen): Establishing cotton banners as a ritual enclosure to ward off disasters. Commentary on the Rites (Lishu): Ying refers to the sacrificial altar area. Defining an enclosure to perform rites is a method to remove malevolent disasters. Also pronounced róng. Also pronounced yíng. The meaning is the same.