Wu Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Jade (yù) Kangxi Strokes: 15 Page 739, Entry 08 Pronounced ying. Expanded Dictionary of Rhymes (Guangyun): Pronounced ying. Collected Rhymes (Jiyun) and Orthographic Rhymes (Zhengyun): Pronounced ying. Dictionary of Rhymes (Yunhui): Pronounced ying. Expanded Dictionary of Rhymes (Guangyun): The color of jade. Collected Rhymes (Jiyun): A stone resembling jade. Book of Odes (Shijing), Odes of Wei: Ear ornaments of xiu ying. Commentary: Xiu ying refers to a beautiful stone. Book of Odes (Shijing), Odes of Qi: Adorned with qiong ying. Commentary: Qiong ying refers to a stone resembling jade. Dictionary of Rhymes (Yunhui): Explaining the Odes of Qi passage regarding ear ornaments of xiu ying: Mao Heng’s commentary says xiu ying is a beautiful stone. Regarding the verses on qiong hua, qiong ying, and qiong ying: Mao Heng’s commentary says qiong ying is a stone resembling jade. Zheng Xuan says it is a stone resembling qiong or ying. Upon closer investigation, xiu ying and xiu shi are the same, and qiong ying, qiong ying, and qiong hua are the same; therefore, ying is not necessarily jade. Mao Heng’s theory is incorrect. Furthermore, since qiong is a fine jade and ying is a stone inferior to jade, an ear ornament could not resemble two different substances, making Zheng Xuan’s theory incorrect. All jade, from formation to completion, has rong, ying, hua, and shi, similar to plants. Ying is the rong, referring to the beginning of jade formation, like the flourishing of a plant. Ying is the essence of the jade, like the refined part of a plant. Hua refers to the jade as it is forming, like the blossoms of a plant. Shi refers to fully formed jade, like the fruit of a plant, all of which are types of usable jade. Also denotes brightness. Master Yang's Great Mystery (Taixuanjing): Life and death, and the nature of life is made clear. Annotation: Ying means brightness. Also, Liu Ying is the name of a musical piece. Book of Liezi, King Mu of Zhou: Performed the pieces Cheng Yun, Liu Ying, Jiu Shao, and Chen Lu to bring him pleasure. Also, a personal name. History of the Former Han (Qian Hanshu), Table of Meritorious Officials: Marquis of Zhuzi, Lu Ying. Annotation: Yan Shigu says: Ying, pronounced ying. Also pronounced ying (departing tone). Also denotes to wither. Songs of Chu (Chuci), Nine Thoughts: The violet and sow thistle are lush, the branches are sparse, the wild ginger and angelica wither and ying-ming. Also, Collected Rhymes (Jiyun) and Dictionary of Rhymes (Yunhui): Pronounced ying. Jade resembling a stone. Also, Tang Rhymes (Tangyun): Pronounced ying. Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), Dictionary of Rhymes (Yunhui), and Orthographic Rhymes (Zhengyun): Pronounced ying. The luster of jade. Lost Analects (Yi Lunyu): Lustrous as jade. Also, Collection of Character Standardizations (Zhengzitong): A bright mirror. Book of Jin (Jinshu), Biography of Yue Guang: This man is like clear water or a mirror; seeing him makes one feel bright and clear. Book of Sui (Suishu), Biography of Gao Jiong: Duke Dugu is like a mirror. Each time it is polished, it becomes more lustrous and bright. Also, having a sharp mind is called ying. Jiang Yan, Miscellaneous Poetry: Unrolling a scroll to clarify one's doubts. Han Yu, Poems Sent to Meng: Carrying a bright heart while feeling perplexed. Also, Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), Dictionary of Rhymes (Yunhui), and Orthographic Rhymes (Zhengyun): Pronounced ying. Collected Rhymes (Jiyun): Ting-ying, meaning to be confused. Orthographic Rhymes (Zhengyun): Citing the Zhuangzi, this is what the Yellow Emperor was confused by; it refers to being perplexed by what one hears. Note: In the Zhuangzi, chapter Discourse on Making All Things Equal, this is originally written with the character ying (fluorescence).