Chou Collection, Lower Volume Radical: Woman (nǚ) Surname; Kangxi strokes: 8; Page 259, Entry 05 Ancient form Pronounced xing As defined in Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen Jiezi), that from which a person is born. Zuo Tradition (Zuo Zhuan), 8th year of Duke Yin: The Son of Heaven established those with virtue and bestowed surnames based on their place of birth. Also refers to descendants known as Zi surnames. Book of Odes (Shijing), Zhou Nan section: The many descendants of the ducal clans. Discourses of Chu (Chuyu): Leading his descendants to perform sacrifices according to the season. Also refers to Gai surname, meaning to provide all necessary women for a dowry. Discourses of Wu (Wuyu): A legitimate daughter is willing to hold a winnowing basket and broom to serve as a concubine in the royal palace. Also refers to the Hundred Surnames, meaning the populace. Book of Documents (Shujing), Canon of Yao: Distinguishing and illuminating the clans and surnames of the various officials. Also refers to the various officials and clans. Announcement on Drunkenness (Jiugao): And the various officials and the common people living in the villages. Also, the child to whom one gives birth is called a surname. Zuo Tradition (Zuo Zhuan), 4th year of Duke Zhao: A woman from Gengzong presented a pheasant. When asked about her child, she replied, "My child is already grown and can carry the pheasant to follow me." Also, family name and given name. History of the Former Han (Qianhan Shu), Treatise on Food and Money: In Linzi, a man with the surname Wei possessed assets of fifty million. Commentary: Surname refers to the family name; Wei is his given name. Also, to determine a surname based on musical pitch. Jing Fang was originally of the Li surname; he changed it to the Jing surname based on the calculation of musical pitches. Also, to obtain a surname through divination. Lu Yu did not know his origins, so he performed a divination and obtained the Jian hexagram changing to the Jian hexagram, thus he took the surname Lu, the given name Yu, and the courtesy name Hongjian. Pronounced sheng Personal name. Spring and Autumn Annals (Chunqiu), 4th year of Duke Ai: The State of Cai killed its grand officer Gongsun Xing. Also rhymes with Jing, pronounced xing. Book of Odes (Shijing), Tang Feng section: Is there no one else? None are as good as my own clansman. Rhymes with the character Jing. Zheng Xiao stated: The character for surname is composed of the radical for woman. The eight great ancient surnames—Jiang, Ji, Gui, Si, Ying, Ji, Yao, and Yun—all use the woman radical. The character for name uses the person radical. Textual corrections: Regarding the entry for Gai surname, meaning to provide all necessary women for a dowry, the Discourse of Wu (Wuyu) mentions a legitimate daughter willing to hold a winnowing basket and broom to serve as a concubine in the palace; both occurrences of the surname character have been corrected to Gai. In the entry for the Announcement on Drunkenness (Jiugao), the citation has been corrected from the original text of the Junshi chapter. Regarding Jing Fang being originally of the Li surname, the phrasing regarding determining the surname by pitch has been corrected based on the Biography of Jing Fang in the History of Han (Hanshu).