Chen Collection, Lower Volume Radical: Lack (qiàn) Kangxi strokes: 15 Page 571, Entry 01 Jade Chapter (Yupian), Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), Rhyme Meeting (Yunhui): Pronounced ou. Tang Rhyme (Tangyun): Pronounced ou. Explanation in the Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen): To spit. Sometimes written in a variant form (ou). Commentary on the Rapid Literacy Text (Jijiu pian zhu): Ou ni refers to vomiting and the inability to swallow food. Biography of Yan Zhu in the History of the Former Han (Qian Han shu): Ou xie, the illnesses of cholera followed one another. Classic of Mountains and Seas (Shanhaijing): The thin fish has one eye, and its sound is like ou. Commentary: Guo Pu says: It is like the sound of a person vomiting. Also: In the wilderness of Ou Si (vomiting silk) overseas, to the east of Da Zhong, there are women kneeling and supporting themselves on trees to vomit silk. Commentary: Guo Pu says: It means they eat leaves and vomit silk, likely a type of silkworm. Bai’s Six Categories (Bai shi liu tie): Kneeling on a tree and vomiting silk, raw mulberry produces cocoons. Also used interchangeably with ou, meaning to beat or strike. Biographies of the Marquis of Liu in the Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji): Liang was startled and wanted to strike him. Also, Guangyun, Jiyun, Yunhui, and Zheng yun: Pronounced ou. The same as ou. The breath coming out as singing. Also, ou ou, the sound of something. Miu Xi of Wei, You She: The chickens crow ou ou, the bright lamps are shi shi. Shi is pronounced zhi. Also a surname. Ou Yezi, an ancient master of sword forging, see the Record of Yue (Yue jue shu). Also Ou Hou and Ouyang, both double-character surnames, see the Book of Han (Hanshu). Also the name of a blade. Biography of Yu Xu in the History of the Later Han (Hou Han shu): I would rather submit to the ou blade to demonstrate my distance. Commentary: An ou blade is a human-made blade. Also the name of a river. Classic of Mountains and Seas (Shanhaijing): The Fu River flows east and pours into the Ou River. Jiyun: Sometimes written in a variant form.