Mao Collection, Lower Volume Radical: Tap (pū) 13 strokes Page 473, Entry 35 In ancient texts: Broad Rhymes (Guangyun) and Collected Rhymes (Jiyun) and Rhyme Collection (Yunhui) state it is pronounced jing. The meaning is the same as the word for finish or conclude. Explaining Characters and Writing (Shuowen Jiezi) defines it as being solemn and grave. Names Explained (Shiming) states: To be respectful is to be alert; one must always maintain a state of solemn alertness. Jade Chapters (Yupin) defines it as being respectful and cautious. Book of Changes (Yijing), Hexagram Kun, states: The noble man uses a respectful attitude to straighten his internal thoughts and uses principles of righteousness to regulate his external conduct. Book of Documents (Shangshu), Great Plan (Hongfan), states: One must respectfully treat the five affairs of government, which are appearance, speech, vision, hearing, and thought. The Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Offices of Heaven, Lesser Administrator, records the third law of officials as integrity and respect. The commentary explains: To be respectful means not to be remiss in one's duties. Book of Rites (Liji), Summary of the Rules of Propriety (Quli), states: There is nothing in all matters that should not be approached with respect. The commentary states: The core of the rites lies in respect. Zuo Tradition (Zuozhuan), Year 33 of Duke Xi, states: Respect is the concentration of virtue. Analects (Lunyu) states: Cultivate oneself and maintain respect. Additionally, History of the Later Han (Houhanshu), Biography of Zhou Xie, records: Emperor An of Han sent silk and lamb as a betrothal gift to summon Zhou Xie. Zhou Xie personally rode to Yangcheng in Yingchuan and dispatched a student to send a token of respect, using illness as an excuse to decline the summons and return home. The commentary explains: Sending respect refers to expressing gratitude. Furthermore, this is a surname. Broad Rhymes (Guangyun) records: It is the lineage of Jing Zhong, and there was a governor of Yangzhou during the Han dynasty named Jing Xin. Additionally, Rhyme Supplement (Yunbu) records that the pronunciation may be rhymed as jing. Cao Zhi's Rhapsody on the Tridacna Bowl (Chequ wan fu) writes: How miraculous and magnificent this object is, truly one becomes more respectful upon seeing it. Even a person as sharp-sighted as Li Zhu would be dazzled by its brilliance.