Mao Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Heart (xīn) Jie Kangxi strokes: 11 Page 386, Entry 31 Tang Rhymes (Tangyun) states the pronunciation is jie. Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), Rhyme Meetings (Yunhui), and Orthodox Rhymes (Zhengyun) state the pronunciation is jie, and the sound is the same as the character for warn (jie). Explanation from Analytical Dictionary of Characters (Shuowen Jiezi): to regulate, to be cautious. The character shape is formed by the radical for heart and the phonetic component from the character for warn (jie). The Methods of Sima (Simafa) records that the Yu dynasty promoted the governance of caution (jie). Also, Five Sounds Collected Rhymes (Wuyin Jiyun) states the pronunciation is ji. The Literary Expositor (Erya), Explanations of Words (Shiyan) defines it as urgent or pressing. Additionally, Collected Rhymes (Jiyun) states the pronunciation is ke. The meaning is to act arbitrarily due to being startled.