Shen Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Grass (cǎo) Fan; Kangxi strokes: 18; Page 1056, Entry 33 Pronounced fan Shuowen Jiezi (Shuowen): The appearance of lush and flourishing grass. Book of Odes (Shijing), Tang Feng: The fruit of the prickly ash, abundant and filling the peck measure. Book of Documents (Shangshu), Great Plan (Hongfan): All grasses are lush and abundant. Commentary: Fan means to multiply and grow. Also, Discourses of the States (Guoyu): The common people multiply, and thus are able to thrive. Annotation: Fan means to reproduce. Also, the name of a grass. Classic of Mountains and Seas (Shanhaijing): Yin Mountain; the grass there is mostly mao-fan. Also, the name of a bird. Classic of Mountains and Seas (Shanhaijing): Guang Mountain; there are many birds there called fan; some say they are owls. Also, pronounced fan, same meaning. Also, used interchangeably with the character meaning a fence or barrier (fan). Book of Odes (Shijing), Greater Odes (Daya): The states of the four directions act as a barrier. Also, Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Earth Offices, Grand Minister of Instruction (Da situ): The ninth category is fan-yue. Annotation: Refers to storing musical instruments and not playing them. Also, pronounced fen. Liu Zongyuan's writings state: My family lineage is continuous and long-standing, flourishing since ancient times. Eighteen members of the family served concurrently in the Department of State Affairs (Shangshu). Also, pronounced pi. A place name. History of the Former Han Dynasty (Qian Hanshu), Treatise on Geography: Fan in the State of Lu. Annotation: This is the State of Zhu. Also, History of the Later Han Dynasty (Hou Hanshu), Biography of Partisan Prohibitions (Danggu zhuan): Fan Xiang. Annotation: Fan is a surname.