Yin Collection, Lower Volume Radical: Bow (gōng) Page 356, Entry 07 Pronounced diao. The Shuowen Jiezi explains this as offering condolences at a funeral. The Book of Rites (Liji) states: Offering condolences to the living is called diao, while grieving for the dead is called shang. The Yupian states: Offering condolences to the living is called yan, while grieving for the dead is called diao. The Jijiupian mentions: At a funeral, offering condolences and expressing grief with a swollen, mournful face. Commentary states: A person holding a bow forms the character diao. In high antiquity, when burying the dead, bodies were wrapped in brushwood without coffins, often subject to the depredations of birds and beasts; therefore, those offering condolences would bring bows to gather and assist in repelling these creatures. It also carries the meaning of grief and pity. The Book of Odes (Shijing) says: My heart is sorrowful. Commentary states: Diao means sorrow. The Book of Odes (Shijing) also says: Do not pity the heavens. Commentary states: Diao means pity. There is also a type of dragon species called diao. Pei Yuan's Record of Guangzhou (Guangzhou Ji) records: The diao grows in the regions south of the mountains; it has a head like a snake and a body like a turtle, dwelling in the water and living in trees. Its fat is extremely thin and slick; when stored in copper or earthenware vessels, it leaks through, but it does not leak when placed in an eggshell. Su Song's Illustrated Classic of Materia Medica (Bencao Tujing) records: The fat of the ji-diao is produced by dragons. Pronounced di. The Erya: Explanations of Words (Erya) explains: Diao means to arrive. The Book of Documents (Shangshu) says: It is not that their plans were abandoned, but that they followed the arrival of the divine will. The Book of Odes (Shijing) says: The divine spirits have arrived. Pei Yuan's Record of Guangzhou (Guangzhou Ji).