You Collection, Lower Volume Radical: Cowrie (bèi) Zhi Kangxi strokes: 15 Page 1210, Entry 07 Pronounced zhi. Book of Changes (Yijing), Appended Remarks: Trace things to their beginning and seek them at their end, and you will understand the essence. Commentary: Zhi means substance. Also, Book of Odes (Shijing), Lesser Odes: The people are simple and honest. Commentary: Zhi means to complete. Zhu Xi's Commentary: Zhi means substantial. Also, Lesser Odes: The states of Yu and Rui submitted their dispute for settlement. Commentary: Zhi means to complete; to settle is to pacify. Sub-commentary: These three characters have the same meaning; therefore, zhi is defined as settle, and settle is defined as pacify. Zhu Xi's Commentary: Zhi means upright; settle means pacify. Also, Book of Odes (Shijing), Lesser Odes: Shooting at the target. Commentary: The target (de) is the zhi. Sub-commentary: A ten-foot target is a hou, a four-foot target is a gu, a two-foot target is a zheng, and a four-inch target is a zhi. The gu, zheng, and zhi are all located within the hou. Also, Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Ministry of Earth: The official in charge of markets (zhi ren) handles the major market with a zhi, and the minor market with a ji. Commentary: Zhi and ji are the written agreements or bonds held as evidence. Also, Book of Etiquette and Ceremonial (Yili), Ceremony of Capping: Carry out the ceremony at dawn (zhi ming). Commentary: Zhi means upright or exactly. Book of Rites (Liji), Monthly Ordinances: Black, yellow, azure, and red, none should lack a solid, good quality. Commentary: That which is dyed should attain the true color and be properly finished. Also, Meaning of Envoys (Pinyi): A gentleman, in the presence of those he respects, dares not stand squarely (zhi). Commentary: Zhi means to stand directly facing someone. Also, Book of Rites (Liji), Summary of Rules: To stand before a ruler. Commentary: Zhi here means to stand opposite. Also, Guangya: Zhi means ground. Book of Rites (Liji), Ritual Vessels: Ritual discards deception and increases natural simplicity. Commentary: Zhi means innate nature. Also, Gongyang Commentary, Year 8 of Duke Ding: A bow embroidered on the hand-grip (zhi). Commentary: Zhi is the hand-grip. Also, Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Biography of Fan Ju: Not enough to withstand the chopping block (zhen zhi). Commentary: Zhi is the edge of a blade for chopping. Also, Book of Han (Qianhan), Biography of Zhang Shizhi: Stating the matter exactly as it is. Commentary: Zhi means sincerely. Also, Guangya: Zhi means to ask, and also to settle. Also, Little Erya: Zhi means trust. Also, Yupian: Zhi means master, and also unadorned. Book of Rites (Liji), Record of Music: Uprightness without evil is the foundation (zhi) of ritual. Commentary: Zhi means the root or base. Ritual acts as the embellishment for it. Also, a surname. Book of Han (Qianhan), Biographies of Merchants: The Zhi clan became wealthy through sharpening tools and cooking in large cauldrons. Pronounced zhi. Shuowen: To use an object as a pledge. Zuo Commentary, Year 3 of Duke Yin: Therefore, Zhou and Zheng exchanged hostages (zhi). Also, in Jiyun, pronounced zhi. Zhi is also written as zhi. Zuo Commentary, Year 3 of Duke Zhao: About to offer gifts (zhi bi) so as not to miss the time. Discourses of Jin (Jinyu): I surrendered myself as a hostage (wei zhi) to the Di tribe. Mencius: Without offering a pledge (zhi), one does not become a subject.