You Collection, Middle Volume Radical: Valley (gǔ) Kangxi Strokes: 17 Page 1190, Entry 21 Pronounced xi. Shuowen Jiezi (Explaining Single-Component Characters and Analyzing Compound Characters): A gully in the mountains without a passage. Erya (Approaching Elegance), Interpretation of Water: Water flowing into a river is called a xi. Commentary: Du Yu states that xi is the same as a gully. Li Xun states that water flowing from mountains into a river is called a xi. Song Jun states that a xi contains water, while a gu does not. Zuo Zhuan (Chronicle of Zuo), Third Year of Duke Yin: Wild grasses in mountain gullies, ponds, and small islets. Xunzi, Exhortation to Learning: One who does not approach deep valleys does not know the depth of the earth. Also refers to a type of crossbow. Strategies of the Warring States (Zhanguo Ce): The xi-zi crossbow of the Minor Treasury. Commentary: Xi-zi is a type of crossbow name. It was manufactured by the Minor Treasury and could shoot beyond six hundred paces. Huainanzi, Instruction on Pure Perfection: Climbing a mountain valley one thousand fathoms high. Commentary: Xi refers to the regions of the southern tribes. The crossbows are made from the wood of the cudrania and mulberry trees. One opinion states that Xi is the name of a country. Also refers to the name of a master craftsman. Also refers to a type of wild beast. Classic of Mountains and Seas (Shanhaijing): On the mountain of the Heavenly Emperor, there is a beast shaped like a dog named Xibian. Commentary: Some editions write this as Guyi. Also refers to a place name. Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), House of Wu Taibo: The state of Chu came to attack again and stationed at Qianxi. Commentary: The eastern border of the state of Chu. Also refers to a surname. Zhuangzi, Tian Zifang: Tian Zifang accompanied Duke Wen of Wei, frequently praising Xigong. Also refers to a compound surname. Qianfu Lun (Commentary of the Hidden Man): King Fugaiof the state of Wu fled to Tangxi in the state of Chu, and subsequently used this as his surname. Also used interchangeably with xi (the character with the stone radical). Ma Rong, Rhapsody on the Long Flute: Facing a stone gorge ten thousand fathoms high. Commentary: Xi (stone radical) is the same as xi (valley radical). Guangyun (Broad Rhymes): Some editions write this as xi (mountain radical) or xi (water radical). Pronounced ji. Leipian (Categorized Dictionary): Xi-jie, a type of ground grasshopper, similar to a locust but smaller. Pronounced xi. The meaning is the same.