Xu Collection, Middle Volume Radical: Mound (fù) Kangxi stroke count: 15 Page: 1351, Entry 14 According to Guangyun (Guangyun), Jiyun (Jiyun), Yunhui (Yunhui), and Zhengxun (Zhengxun), the pronunciation is shǎn (from the fanqie spelling shī rǎn qiè). In Shuowen Jiezi (Shuowen Jiezi): Shan in Hongnong. It was the ancient state of Guo, enfeoffed to the son of King Ji. In Guangyun: During the Zhou dynasty, it was divided between two lords, the land of Shan, which was Shangyang of the state of Guo. During the Qin dynasty, it belonged to Sanchuan Commandery; during the Han dynasty, it was Shan County of Hongnong; in the Later Wei dynasty, it was renamed Shanzhou. In Gongyang Commentary (Gongyang Zhuan), Yin 5th Year: Those to the east of Shan were governed by the Duke of Zhou. Those to the west of Shan were governed by the Duke of Shao.