Chou Collection, Middle Volume. Radical: Earth (tǔ). Kangxi brush strokes: 13. Page 236, Entry 09. Broad Rimes (Guangyun): Pronounced se. Collected Rimes (Jiyun), Rime Compilation (Yunhui), and Orthodox Rimes (Zhengyun): Pronounced se. To fill; to block. Book of Rites (Liji), Monthly Ordinances (Yueling): In the first month of winter, heaven and earth do not circulate; they are blocked and closed to complete the winter. Also: Be careful with passes and bridges, and block paths and trails; in the last month of spring, open the roads so there are no obstructions. Also: to fill; to be full. Classic of History (Shujing), Canon of Shun (Shundian): Gentle, respectful, and truly full of virtue. Book of Odes (Shijing), Odes of Yong (Yongfeng): Holding a heart that is solid and deep. Also: A dangerous pass of a state is called a sai. Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Biography of Su Qin: Qin is a state with four barriers, draped over mountains and belted by the Wei River. History of the Later Han (Houhan Shu), Biography of Du Du: City walls are one hundred feet high, holding the vital barrier. Also: When the moon is in the xin position, it is called sai, see Er Ya, Explanations of Heaven (Shitian). Also: Sai sai, the appearance of being restless, see Expanded Erya (Boya). Also: Yipusai, which is the same as Upasaka. History of the Later Han (Houhan Shu), Biography of King Ying of Chu: To assist in the meals of the Upasaka and the Sramanas. Also: Broad Rimes (Guangyun), Collected Rimes (Jiyun), Rime Compilation (Yunhui), and Orthodox Rimes (Zhengyun): Pronounced sai. A border. Book of Rites (Liji), Monthly Ordinances (Yueling): In the first month of winter, prepare the borderlands and complete the vital barriers. Also: The Nine Barriers. Huainanzi, Treatise on Geography (Dixing xun): The nine barriers are Taifen, Minge, Jingruan, Fangcheng, Xiaoban, Jingxing, Lingci, Gouzhu, and Juyong. Annotation: Taifen is in Jin; Minge and Xiaoban are both in Hongnong Commandery; Jingruan and Fangcheng are both in Chu; Jingxing is in Changshan; Lingci is in Liaoxi; Gouzhu is in Yanmen Yinguang; Juyong is in the east of Zuyang in Shanggu. Also: The Purple Barrier. Records of Past and Present (Gujin zhu): When Qin built the Great Wall, the color of the earth was purple, hence the name. Also: Bosai, a type of game equipment. Zhuangzi, Webbed Toes (Pianmu): Asking what Hu did, he played the game of bosai for amusement. Also: A surname. Also: Same as sai (to sacrifice). Book of the Former Han (Qianhan Shu), Treatise on Suburban Sacrifices (Jiaosi zhi): In winter, perform sacrifices and prayers. Originally written as a different character. Also written as a variant form. Textual research: In the Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Biography of Su Qin, the text originally read solid; according to the original text, it has been corrected to state. In Zhuangzi, Webbed Toes (Pianmu), the text originally read hu; according to the original text, it has been corrected to gu.