Yin Collection, Upper Volume
Radical: Roof (bù)
寒; Kangxi strokes: 12; Page 289, Entry 09
Archaic form. Pronounced han.
Explanatory dictionary of characters (Shuowen): To freeze. Originally written as a different character. Composed of a person under a roof, with grass and mats covering them, and ice underneath. Ice (bing) signifies freezing. In clerical script, it was simplified to the current form.
Etymology (Shiming): Cold means to repel. To repel means to obstruct.
Jade chapters (Yupian): The time of winter.
Book of Changes (Yijing), Commentary on the Appended Statements: The sun and moon revolve, one cold and one hot.
Book of Documents (Shujing), The Great Plan: Various omens are called warmth, and are called cold.
Commentary: Warmth allows the myriad things to grow, and cold allows the myriad things to mature. There is also the Minister of Cold, who is a water deity.
Zuo Tradition (Zuozhuan), Fourth year of Duke Zhao: Use a black bull and black millet to sacrifice to the Minister of Cold.
Note: The Minister of Cold is Xuanming, the water deity.
Also, Zhou Discourses (Zhouyu): When the fire star appears, the clear wind reminds people to prepare for the cold.
Xun Yue, Extended Reflections (Shenjian): If there are frozen commoners below, then those above should not have complete sets of clothing.
Also refers to being poor and distressed.
Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Biography of Fan Sui: To think that Master Fan has been reduced to such a state of poverty.
History of Song (Songshi), Biography of Tong Fu: Extraordinary men and poor scholars all relied on him.
Also the name of a state, located in the North Sea, east of Hanting in Pingshou County.
Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Annals of Xia: The fief of Han Zhuo, the slanderous son of the Bo Ming clan.
Also a surname. In the Han dynasty, there was a scholar named Han Lang.
Also pronounced xian.
Songs of Chu (Chuci), Heavenly Questions: Where is it warm in winter, and where is it cold in summer? Where are there stone forests, and what beasts can speak?
Also pronounced zhen.
Ouyang Xiu, Poem in reply to Han Zihua: Talented men are buried in low positions, and only when the wicked depart can the good flourish. Every household is visited, allowing the hungry to be fed and the cold to be clothed.
