Mao Collection, Lower Volume Radical: Square (fāng) Kangxi Strokes: 14 Page 484, Entry 28 Pronounced qi. According to the Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen Jiezi), a bear-patterned banner with five streamers used to symbolize the punishment star, acting as a signal for soldiers to assemble. According to the Explaining Names (Shiming), a banner painted with bears and tigers, erected by military commanders to symbolize their courage and to serve as a rallying point for their troops. According to the Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Spring Office, Master of Standards: used to display bear and tiger patterns. Also: used by the capital of the military region to erect standards. Note: The reason for painting bears and tigers is that when the regional districts provide troops for service, it symbolizes that their defensive courage is such that no one dares to encroach upon them. According to the Zuo Commentary (Zuozhuan), Year 2 of Duke Min: this is a mark worn within the heart. Note: The banner is a sign of indication. Also a name for a constellation. According to the Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Celestial Offices Book: the twelve stars curving in the northeast direction are called the Banners. Note: Regarding the two banners, the left banner consists of nine stars to the left of the River Drum star, and the right banner consists of nine stars to the right of the River Drum star. Both are celestial drum banners used as symbols of merit. Also a surname. According to the Extended Rhymes (Guangyun), descendants of the Qi state official Zi Qi; in the Han dynasty, there was a Governor of Jiujiang named Qi Guang. Also interchangeable with the character for Winnowing Basket (jī). According to the Xunzi, Enrichment of the State Chapter: then the state would be more stable than a massive rock, and its lifespan longer than the Winnowing Basket constellation and the Wings constellation. Note: The banner is read as the Winnowing Basket. The Winnowing Basket and Wings are two of the twenty-eight lunar mansions. Also, according to the Supplement to Rhymes (Yunbu), it rhymes with the pronunciation qiu. According to the Western Capital Rhapsody (Xidu Fu) by Ban Gu: riding in sleeping carriages, boarding dragon boats, unfurling phoenix canopies, and erecting magnificent banners. Note: In the Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters, the character for banner (qí) derives its sound from its components and is defined as a banner with bear patterns and five streamers, used to symbolize the punishment star as an assembly signal. The character for banner (qí) with the banner radical and the phonetic component for axe derives from the phonetic, and is defined as a banner adorned with many bells used to issue commands to the masses. The dictionary distinguishes between the two characters for banner. The Correction of Characters (Zhengzitong) states: In the Rites of Zhou, the nine types of banners each have different patterns and different names for their standards, each with its own rank and distinction. Although they are a general term for flags and standards, their regulations are distinct and cannot be consolidated into one.