Si Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Water (shuǐ) 浅 Kangxi strokes: 12 Page 632, Entry 01 Pronounced qian (rising tone). Shuowen Jiezi (Explanation of Graphs and Analysis of Characters) defines it as water that is not deep. Book of Odes (Shijing), Beifeng: There is the phrase "approaching its shallow parts." Xunzi, Cultivating the Self: Limited knowledge is referred to as "shallow." It also refers to tiger fur. Book of Odes (Shijing), Daya: "Leather straps and shallow coverings." The commentary explains: "Shallow" refers to the short, light fur on a tiger's pelt. Any animal with short fur can be referred to as "shallow." Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Spring Officials: Records "a carriage covered in deer's shallow fur." The commentary notes that this refers to the short, new summer coat of a deer used as a carriage cover. The sub-commentary explains: In summer, the new fur that grows on a deer is short, hence it is called "shallow." Pronounced jian. Used interchangeably with the character for splash. "Qianqian" describes the rapid movement of a water current. Songs of the South (Chuci), Nine Songs: "The stony rapids are swift (qianqian)." Pronounced jian. Ancient Documents (Shangshu), Canon of Yao: In the phrase "respectfully receive the sun," Ma Rong reads it this way. It is now written as the character for farewell (jian). Pronounced zan. Used interchangeably with the character for splashing water. It means the spilling of waste water. Pronounced jian. Used interchangeably with the character for splash. It means water that flies or sprays when impacted. Ceremonial and Ritual (Yili), Commentary on the Rituals for the Departed Scholar: States that a basin is used to hold waste water to avoid splashing and wetting others. Used interchangeably with the character for cut. Ceremonial and Ritual (Yili), Rituals of the Deceased: Includes "using coarse black cloth for the cut garment." The commentary states: "Cut" means the same as "shallow."