Chen Collection, Middle Volume Radical: Wood (mù) Zhan Kangxi stroke count: 12 Page 533, Entry 06 Pronounced shan (rising tone). Shuo Wen Jie Zi (Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters) defines it as a scaffold. Guang Yun (Broad Rhymes) defines it as a storied structure. Biography of Zhang Liang in the Book of Former Han (Hanshu) states: Persuaded the King of Han to burn and destroy the wooden plank roads. Cui Hao remarks: In treacherous and steep locations, one chisels into the mountain cliffs and lays down planks and beams to create a storied passage. Also, Shuo Wen Jie Zi states: A carriage made of bamboo and wood is called a zhan. Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Office of Spring, Ministry of Carriages: Scholars ride in zhan carriages, which are not covered in leather, but are lacquered. In the Artificers' Record (Kaogongji) of the Office of Winter: When the carriage-maker builds a carriage, the zhan carriage should be narrow, while ornamental carriages should be wide. Book of Odes (Shijing), Xiao Ya: A zhan carriage, traveling upon the Zhou road. Commentary: The zhan refers to the shape of the carriage; it is not the same as the zhan carriage mentioned above. Commoners ride in service carriages. Also, a hearse is also called a zhan. Book of Etiquette and Ceremonial (Yili), Jixi: The guest places silk offerings upon the hearse. Also a surname. Book of Wei (Weishu): Zhan Qian from Rencheng. Also, according to Jiyun: Pronounced jian (falling-rising tone). The meaning is the same. Pronounced jian (falling tone). Refers to a wooden plank road. Also, woven wood is called a zhan. Gongyang Zhuan (Gongyang Commentary), Year 4 of Duke Ai: For the altars of destroyed states, cover the top and build a wooden frame (zhan) at the bottom. Commentary: Originally written as chai (brushwood). Rites of Zhou, Funeral Priest, Zheng Commentary: Cites it as zhan. Also, a horse stall, also made of woven wood. Guanzi, Xiao Wen Chapter: I, Yiwu, was once a groom; cleaning horse stalls is very difficult. Zhuangzi, Horse Hooves Chapter: Woven with stable racks (zao zhan). Also zhan-yan, an appearance of being high and steep. Zhang Heng, Western Capital Rhapsody (Xijing Fu): The jagged peaks and steep, narrow paths. Also zhan incense. Plants of the Southern Regions (Nanfang Caomu Zhuang): The honey-scented tree, its trunk is zhan incense. Also a type of tree. Erya, Explaining Trees: The zhan tree is the gan tree. Commentary: It is the jiang tree, known in the Jiangdong region as mugu. Commentary: Another name is the gan tree. Pronounced zhan (falling-rising tone). Erya, Explaining Music: A large bell is called a yong; a small one is called a zhan. Also, a small bridge is called a zhan. Pronounced zhen (level tone). Describes a dense and flourishing appearance. Biography of Xi Fu Gong in the Book of Former Han (Hanshu): Thickets of thorny bushes (zhan zhan).