Shen Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Grass (cǎo) Kangxi Strokes: 9 Page 1018, Entry 07 Tang Rhymes (Tangyun), Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), Rhyme Collection (Yunhui), and Correct Rhymes (Zhengyun) state the pronunciation is qian. Shuowen (Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters) states: Qianqian refers to the lush and flourishing appearance of grass. Guangya (Broad Refinements) states: Lush and flourishing. Xie Tiao poem: The distant trees are hazy and lush (qianqian). Also refers to a deep green appearance. Pan Yue, Rhapsody on Plowing the Imperial Field (Jitian Fu): The deep green color is solemn in its lushness (qianqian). Also refers to Tianqian, a type of grass. Miscellaneous Morsels from Youyang (Youyang Zazu) states: Tianqian grows in the Zhongnan Mountains; its leaves resemble lotus leaves but are thicker. Also a place name. History of the Southern Dynasties (Nan Shi), Biography of Zhou Wenyu: Wenyu traveled via a side path and arrived at Qianshao in two nights. Also Qianyin, a compound surname. Comprehensive Treatise on Clans and Lineages (Tongzhi Shizu Lue) states: During the State of Chu, there was an official named Qianyin, who was a descendant of Shen Wuyu. Also Guangyun (Broad Rhymes) states the pronunciation is qian. Qianben refers to the appearance of plants and trees that are intertwined and mixed together. Also Jiyun (Collected Rhymes) states it is the same as the character qian. See the annotations for the character qian for further details.