You Collection, Lower Volume Radical: Carriage (chē) Kangxi Strokes: 12 Page 1241, Entry 16 Guangyun (Dictionary of Rhymes) and Yunhui (Collection of Rhymes) state it is pronounced ling. According to the Shuowen (Explanation of Characters), it refers to the horizontal wood between the front and back of a carriage. The Yupian (Jade Compendium) defines it as the railing of a carriage. The Jiyun (Collection of Rhymes) defines it as a carriage having a harmony bell. In the Book of Rites (Liji), it is written: Display the railing to check the harness. The commentary states: This refers to the end of the carriage axle pin. It also refers to a hunting carriage. According to the History of the Former Han (Hanshu), in the annals of Emperor Xuan, it is written: He was received and welcomed as a great-grandson in a hunting carriage. The commentary states: The carriage used for hunting has a curved railing in front. It also refers to a double-railed carriage. In the Songs of Chu (Chuci), in the Nine Arguments (Jiubian), it is written: Leaning against the intertwined railings, I heave a long sigh. It is also the name of a place, Dianling. In the Zuo Tradition (Zuozhuan), under the second year of Duke Xi, it is written: Entered by way of Dianling. The commentary notes: This is in the territory of the State of Yu. It is also the name of a beast, Lingling. According to the Classic of Mountains and Seas (Shanhaijing), on the mountain of Kongsang there is a beast; its shape is like an ox but it has tiger-like markings, and its name is Lingling. It is also used interchangeably with the character for lattice (ling). In Yang Xiong’s Ganquan Fu (Rhapsody on Sweet Spring), it is written: Resting on the lattice of the carriage porch, I travel all around. The commentary states: A lattice porch refers to the railing on the front porch. A lattice is the small wood between the rafters of a porch. It is sometimes also written in a variant form (ling), which is identical in sound and meaning. Textual research: In the Book of Rites (Liji), the original text stated "display the bell to check the harness." In accordance with the original text, the character "bell" has been corrected to "railing." In the History of the Former Han (Hanshu), in the annals of Emperor Xuan, the text stated "received in a carriage to welcome the great-grandson." In accordance with the original text, the word "hunting" has been inserted after "railing." In the commentary, "railing carriage" has been corrected to "hunting carriage." "Curved bell" has been corrected to "curved railing." Furthermore, regarding the place name, the Zuo Tradition (Zuozhuan) entry for the second year of Duke Xi has been corrected to state "Dianling" in place of the previously cited "Ling."