Hai Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Horse (mǎ) Kangxi Strokes: 29 Page 1447, Entry 18 Pronounced li. In the Jade Compendium (Yupian), it refers to a daoli, a horse capable of traveling a thousand miles. In the Literary Expositor (Erya), section on domestic animals, it mentions the small-necked daoli. The commentary by Guo Pu cites the Biography of King Mu of Zhou (Mu Tianzi Zhuan), stating that the emperor's steeds include the daoli and the lü'er, and elsewhere mentions the right-side trace horse as the daoli. In the Book of Odes (Shijing), Qi state songs, it describes four black horses appearing majestic. In the Book of Rites (Liji), in the Tan Gong chapter, it states that the Xia dynasty honored the color black and used black horses for military affairs. Also in the Monthly Ordinances (Yueling), it mentions driving iron-black horses in winter. It also refers to driving two horses abreast as li. In the History of the Later Han (Hou Hanshu), biography of Kou Xun, it notes that when Emperor Guangwu was on a northern campaign, military provisions were scarce, and Kou Xun used a carriage pulled by two horses side-by-side to transport supplies without interruption. The commentary explains that lijia refers to driving horses side-by-side. It also refers to the name of a mountain. In the History of the Later Han, record of commanderies and states, it notes that Xinfeng in Jingzhao Yin has Mount Li. The commentary by Du Yu states that it was the ancient Lirong state. Wei Zhao states that the Rong people inhabited this mountain, hence it was named Lirong. It also refers to Goguryeo, the name of a kingdom. It also refers to the name of a county. In the History of the Former Han (Hanshu), record of geography, it lists Licheng County in Youbeiping Commandery. Pronounced li. The meaning is the same. Pronounced chi. Refers to Lixian, the name of a county. In the History of the Former Han, record of geography, it lists Lixian County in Zhangye Commandery. The commentary by Li Qi notes the pronunciation as chi qian. Yan Shigu states that the first character is pronounced like li, and the second like qian. The local people of that region, when speaking rapidly, pronounce it as liqian. Textual research: The Literary Expositor, section on domestic animals, mentions the small-necked daoli. The commentary states that the eight steeds of King Mu of Zhou include the daoli. Daoli is also called qieli. Qie refers to a light greenish-blue color, while li refers to a pure black color. I note that the original text regarding King Mu of Zhou does not match the commentary of the Literary Expositor. Following the original text from the commentary onwards, it has been amended to: The commentary by Guo Pu cites the Biography of King Mu of Zhou, stating that the emperor's steeds include the daoli and the lü'er, and elsewhere mentions the right-side trace horse as the daoli.