Xu Collection, Middle Volume Radical: Short-tailed bird (zhuī) Kangxi Strokes: 18 Page 1369, Entry 02 Pronounced ji. Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen Jiezi): A domestic animal that knows the time. Jade Chapters (Yupian): A bird that governs the dawn. Approaching the Classics (Erya): In the interpretation of livestock, large chickens are called shu. The young of the shu are called yu, and an immature chicken is called lian. A particularly strong and vigorous one is called fen. Commentary: This distinguishes the types of chickens. Spring and Autumn: Explaining Topic Words (Chunqiu Shuotici) states: The chicken is that which accumulates yang energy, and is the symbol of the south. Fire is the essence of yang, and flames rise upward; therefore, when yang energy appears, the chicken crows. This is due to the resonance between things of the same kind. Book of Changes (Yijing): The Xun trigram represents the chicken. Book of Documents (Shangshu): The hen does not take responsibility for heralding the dawn. Rites of Zhou (Zhouli): Regarding the six types of presentation gifts, craftsmen and merchants use chickens as gifts. Book of Rites (Liji): The chicken is called the sound of wings. Additionally, in Approaching the Classics (Erya): In the interpretation of birds, the han is the heavenly chicken. Note: The han chicken has red feathers. Lost Book of Zhou (Yi Zhoushu): The patterned han resembles a colorful chicken; the people of Shu presented it during the reign of King Cheng of Zhou. Additionally, in Approaching the Classics (Erya): In the interpretation of insects, the han is the heavenly chicken. Note: A type of small insect with a black body and red head; also called the sha-chicken or the chu-chicken. Book of Odes (Shijing): In the sixth month, the sha-chicken vibrates its wings. Wings of the Classics (Eryayi): Also called the suo-chicken or the suan-chicken. Also, the Chicken-Officer is a title for an official. Rites of Zhou (Zhouli): The Chicken-Officer is in charge of supplying sacrificial chickens, distinguishing their breeds, and calling out the dawn during great sacrifices to awaken the various officials. Book of Rites (Liji): Regarding sacrificial wine vessels, the Xia dynasty used the chicken-yi vessel. Also a place name. Spring and Autumn (Chunqiu): In the third year of Duke Xiang, a covenant was held at Jize. Note: Located southwest of Quliang County in Guangping. Also: In the twenty-third year of Duke Zhao, the state of Wu defeated the armies of Dun, Hu, Shen, Cai, and Xu at Jifu. Note: Jifu was land belonging to the state of Chu. Strategies of the Warring States (Zhanguo Ce): Carrying the tradition of Jici on one's back. Book of Han (Hanshu): Yulin Commandery had Yongji County. Also a surname. Correcting the Meanings (Zhengzitong): During the Zhengtong era of the Ming dynasty, there was an official overseeing the horse pastures in Shaanxi named Jimingshi. Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen Jiezi): The ancient form is written as ji. See the entry for ji under the bird radical for further details.