Wu Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Field (tián) Jiang Kangxi strokes: 19 Page 766, Entry 33 Pronounced jiang. According to the Explanation of Simple and Compound Characters (Shuowen Jiezi), it was originally written as a character meaning boundary. In the Book of Changes (Yijing), Kun hexagram: The earth is thick and carries all things, its virtue is boundless. In the Book of Documents (Shujing), Great Oath (Taishi): My military power is displayed, invading its territory. In the Book of Odes (Shijing), Minor Odes (Xiaoya): Ten thousand years of life without limit. Commentary: Jiang means boundary or limit. In the Zuo Tradition (Zuo Zhuan), 17th year of Duke Huan: In summer, we fought against the Qi army at Xi, which was a border dispute. Annotation: A struggle over borders. Also, in the Book of Odes (Shijing), Greater Odes (Daya): Then he demarcated the land and brought it under order. Zhu Xi commentary: Jiang means to draw its main boundaries. In the Zuo Tradition (Zuo Zhuan), 8th year of Duke Xuan: Chu attacked and destroyed Shu Liao, and the Viscount of Chu established boundaries there. Annotation: Defining its borders. Also an official title. In the Rites of Zhou (Zhou Li), Summer Offices: One who oversees borders. Sub-commentary: One who manages the guarding of borders, also a matter of prohibitions and regulations. Also, according to the Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), sometimes written as a variant form (qiáng). In Jia Yi's New Book (Xinshu): Duke Wei of Wey was named Piqiang. Piqiang is a term reserved for the Son of Heaven; feudal lords may not use it, so the Duke of Wey changed his name to Hui. Also sometimes written as a variant form (jiāng). In the Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), House of Jin: Only after crossing the border was he safe. Also, according to the Correct Rhymes (Zhengyun), it refers to the white color of a silkworm. Also, according to the Collected Rhymes (Jiyun) and Correct Rhymes (Zhengyun), pronounced jiang (rising tone). In the Rites of Zhou (Zhou Li), Earth Offices, Grass Official: The疆 (jiǎng) used hemp seeds. Annotation: Jiang refers to the hard and firm ones. Explanation of Terms: Jiang is pronounced jiǎng. Also, according to the Supplement to the Dictionary (Zihuibu), in the north, scorched earth is called jiang. Referenced in the Ancient Sounds of Zhuanzhu.